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Building Construction > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most critical aspects of engineering design for a building

A

Type and magnitude of forces

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2
Q

What is the force acting on the inside of a structure called

A

Stress

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3
Q

What is the support system that resists loads called

A

Reaction

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4
Q

Equilibrium exists when

A

Support a load equal or greater to applied load

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5
Q

When does total collapse happen

A

Loss of equilibrium

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6
Q

What is a common reaction of a horizontal component

A

Bending

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7
Q

What is the most common load on a structure

A

Gravity

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8
Q

What are the common sources of vibration on a structure

A

N
B
E

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9
Q

What causes structural members to expand and contract

A

Temp

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10
Q

What changes the direction of force within a structure

A

Shrinkage

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11
Q

What is classified as the direction of force within a material

A

Stresses

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12
Q

What pulls material apart

A

Tension

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13
Q

What squeezes material together

A

Compression

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14
Q

What slides material past adjacent plane

A

Shear

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15
Q

What loads causes unique stresses on external alignments

A

A L
T L
E L

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16
Q

What load is in a fixed location

A

Dead

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17
Q

What load is not in a fixed location

A

Live

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18
Q

What load is applied steadily or gradually

A

Static

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19
Q

What loads involves motion

A

Dynamic

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20
Q

What load produces localized forces

A

Concentrated

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21
Q

What type of load is water

A

Live

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22
Q

What kind of pressure is applied by winds

A

Direct

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23
Q

What is the primary consideration when designing buildings to with stain wind

A

Direct pressure

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24
Q

What locations can walls be insufficiently braced

A

Construction
Demo
Fire buildings

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25
What is the most complicated load that must be accounted for
Seismic forces
26
What is the typical life span of a building
50 yrs
27
What are the most significant forces of an earthquake
Horizontal movement | Lateral loads
28
What increases the flexibility of a connection
Expansion joist
29
What isolates buildings from horizontal movements
Base isolation
30
What bracing is effective against ground motions
S W | C B
31
What type of load does soil exert
Lateral
32
What pressure is soil against the foundation
Active
33
What pressure is the foundation against the soil
Passive
34
What structural member carries a perpendicular load
Beam
35
What beam is free to rotate
Simple support
36
What type of beam resist bending
Cantilever
37
What beam commonly supports balconies
Cantilever
38
What flange carries comprehensive stress
Top
39
What flange carries tensile stress
Bottom
40
What is the centerline of the web known as
Neutral axis
41
What structural member supports axial load
Column
42
How do tall, thin columns fail
Buckle
43
How do short columns fail
Crushing
44
What force do arches produce
Inclined
45
What are arches most often used for
Roofs | Entrance to masonry buildings
46
What buildings are arches most often used in
Masonry
47
Cables are usually made of
Steel
48
What structural member are made of triangles
Trusses
49
What are the top and bottom members of a struss called
Chords
50
What is the typical distance of a truss span
22-70ft
51
Modern trusses may exceed how many feet
100
52
What are bar joists used for
Roof and floors in fire resistant construction
53
What are 3 dimensional truss structures
Space frames
54
What type of load do space frames support
uniform loads
55
Where are load bearing walls commonly placed
Exterior of a structure
56
How far are steel studs placed apart
12-16 inches
57
What type of construction carries transverse loads
Post and beam
58
What size post supports roofs
6x8
59
What type of system allows bending stress through joints
Rigid
60
What are shell structures commonly constructed of
Concrete
61
What type of structure is a shell
3D
62
What prevents arches from spreading
Horizontally Tie Rods
63
What is the middle section of a truss called
Web | Diagonal
64
What carries most of load resisting the bending
Top and bottom flange
65
What can change the direction of forces between structural elements
Temp
66
What creates stresses in the top of a beam
Compression
67
What creates stresses in the bottom of a beam
Tension
68
What is stress is created in the cross section of a beam
Shear stress
69
What load creates uniform stresses across the cross section
Axial
70
What load does not pass through the center of the cross section
Eccentric
71
What load creates a twisting effect that creates shear stress in a material
Torsional
72
What are considered part of the dead load
Structural elements
73
What load is not precisely quantifiable
Live
74
What loads may cause structural failure
Dynamic
75
What load creates a non uniform load
Concentrated
76
What does wind flowing around the object produce
Drag
77
What does wind produce by suction effect
Negative pressure
78
What are effective against long slow vibrations
Shear walls | Corner bracing
79
What is a less common system of building isolation
Sliding system
80
What occurs when sandy soil near water sources is loose
Soil liquefaction
81
What are the stresses in a cable
Tension
82
What is the life span of membrane structure for building codes
180 or more days
83
What is the life span of a membrane structure for fire codes
Less than 180 days
84
What stresses do arches produce
Compressive interior
85
What does a stream of 250 gpm produce
2080 lbs water per min
86
What is the static load of 3 inches of water
21 lbs per sq ft
87
What the 3 types of accommodations for seismic loads
Base isolation Expansion joints Dampening mechanisms
88
What absorbs resonant energy
Dampening mechanisms
89
What are the 3 directional movements of seismic loads
Lateral Torsional Resonant
90
What stresses are primarily created in a column
Compressive
91
What forces do concentrated loads produce
Localized
92
What loads do concentrated loads produce
Non uniform
93
What are arches designed with for minor adjustments
Hinges
94
What do steel stud walls have for stability
Diagonal bracing
95
What roof do rigid frames have
Gable

Building Construction (6 decks)

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