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BIO 481 Microbiology > Ch 3 Bacterial Structure > Flashcards

Ch 3 Bacterial Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Cocci (coccus)

A

Roughly spherical cells.

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2
Q

Diplococci

A

Pairs of cells observed

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3
Q

Streptococcus

A

Chain of cocci

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4
Q

Tetrads

A

Arrangement of two pairs on top of each other to form a quartet

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5
Q

Sarcinae

A

Two tetrads stacked

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6
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Arrangement of cocci in “grape clusters”

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7
Q

Bacilli (bacillus)

A

Rod shaped bacteria

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8
Q

Coccobacilli

A

Short rods that resemble cocci

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9
Q

Diplobacilli

A

Pairs of rods

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10
Q

Streptobaccilus

A

Chains of bacilli

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11
Q

Palisades

A

Chains or stacks of bacilli attached by the length instead of the end as in Streptobacillus

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12
Q

Vibrios

A

Comma shaped

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13
Q

Spirilla

A

Rigid spiral shaped bacteria

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14
Q

Spirochetes

A

Flexible spiral shaped bacteria

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15
Q

Pleomorphic

A

Lacking single defining characteristic form; variable in shape

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16
Q

Filamentous

A

Filament like

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17
Q

Surface area

A

4pi r^2

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18
Q

Volume

A

4/3 pi r^3

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19
Q

Cell envelope

A

Plasma membrane and all the layers external to it

20
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Membrane that encases the cytoplasm and defines the cell

21
Q

Amphipathic

A

Structurally asymmetric; ie polar and nonpolar ends

22
Q

Peripheral membrane proteins

A

Loosely connected to membrane. Easily removed.

23
Q

Integral membrane proteins

A

Embedded in the plasma membrane, have hydrophobic regions that span the membrane. Not easily extracted.

24
Q

Hopanoids

A

Phospholipid similar to cholesterol found in plasma membrane of bacteria

25
Q

Functional membrane microdomains

A

Portion of membrane that has distinct lipid composition that localizes protein complexes (ie secretion systems)

26
Q

Flotillins

A

Integral membrane proteins org secretion systems for transport out of cell and complexes that transmit signals from environment to cell

27
Q

Macronutrients

A

Nutrients required in large amounts (C & N)

28
Q

Micronutrients

A

Nutrients required in small amounts (

29
Q

Growth factors

A

Orgo compounds required in the diet. Essential components or precursor of components and can’t be synthesized

30
Q

Passive diffusion

A

Small uncharged particles cross membranes from high to low concentration with no assistance

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Substances move across the membrane with assistance of transport protein (channels or carriers). Still according to concentration gradient.

32
Q

Saturation effect

A

Facilitated diffusion reaches max transport rate when all carrier proteins are loaded

33
Q

Active transport

A

Transport of solute molecules to higher concentrations; require ATP

34
Q

Primary active transport

A

Transport proteins that use ATP to transport a single molecule across the membrane. (Uniporters)

35
Q

ATP-Binding Cassette transporters

A

Important primary transporters, move vitamins, sugars and other molecules into cells

36
Q

Solute binding proteins

A

Proteins employed by ABC transporters to deliver solute molecule to the transporter

37
Q

Siderophores

A

Proteins excreted by some bacteria to bind Iron and escort to ABC transporter

38
Q

Secondary active transport

A

When two molecules move across the transporter. One molecule has a gradient that drives transport and the other is moved with the assistance of this. Can be simpler or antiport

39
Q

Symport

A

Secondary transport where both go in the same direction

40
Q

Antiport

A

Transport where one molecule goes in and the goes out

41
Q

Cell wall

A

Layer right outside the membrane

42
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Polymer of Nam and Nag subunits linked first in chains and then cross linked like a chain link fence. Polypeptides connect rows, teichoic acids connect sheets

43
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Contain a single membrane surrounded by a thick (20-80nm) peptidoglycan layer. Stains purple

44
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Has a thin peptidoglycan layer (2-7nm) and then an outer membrane (12-14 nm). Stains red or pink

45
Q

Periplasmic space

A

Space between the inner and outer membranes in gram negative bacteria

46
Q

Periplasm

A

Substance in the periplasmic space

BIO 481 Microbiology (12 decks)

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