Ch 3 Bacterial Structure

Question 1

Cocci (coccus)

Answer 1

Roughly spherical cells.

Question 2

Diplococci

Answer 2

Pairs of cells observed

Question 3

Streptococcus

Answer 3

Chain of cocci

Question 4

Tetrads

Answer 4

Arrangement of two pairs on top of each other to form a quartet

Question 5

Sarcinae

Answer 5

Two tetrads stacked

Question 6

Staphylococcus

Answer 6

Arrangement of cocci in “grape clusters”

Question 7

Bacilli (bacillus)

Answer 7

Rod shaped bacteria

Question 8

Coccobacilli

Answer 8

Short rods that resemble cocci

Question 9

Diplobacilli

Answer 9

Pairs of rods

Question 10

Streptobaccilus

Answer 10

Chains of bacilli

Question 11

Palisades

Answer 11

Chains or stacks of bacilli attached by the length instead of the end as in Streptobacillus

Question 12

Vibrios

Answer 12

Comma shaped

Question 13

Spirilla

Answer 13

Rigid spiral shaped bacteria

Question 14

Spirochetes

Answer 14

Flexible spiral shaped bacteria

Question 15

Pleomorphic

Answer 15

Lacking single defining characteristic form; variable in shape

Question 16

Filamentous

Answer 16

Filament like

Question 17

Surface area

Answer 17

4pi r^2

Question 18

Volume

Answer 18

4/3 pi r^3

Question 19

Cell envelope

Answer 19

Plasma membrane and all the layers external to it

Question 20

Plasma membrane

Answer 20

Membrane that encases the cytoplasm and defines the cell

Question 21

Amphipathic

Answer 21

Structurally asymmetric; ie polar and nonpolar ends

Question 22

Peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 22

Loosely connected to membrane. Easily removed.

Question 23

Integral membrane proteins

Answer 23

Embedded in the plasma membrane, have hydrophobic regions that span the membrane. Not easily extracted.

Question 24

Hopanoids

Answer 24

Phospholipid similar to cholesterol found in plasma membrane of bacteria

Question 25

Functional membrane microdomains

Answer 25

Portion of membrane that has distinct lipid composition that localizes protein complexes (ie secretion systems)

Question 26

Flotillins

Answer 26

Integral membrane proteins org secretion systems for transport out of cell and complexes that transmit signals from environment to cell

Question 27

Macronutrients

Answer 27

Nutrients required in large amounts (C & N)

Question 28

Micronutrients

Answer 28

Nutrients required in small amounts (

Question 29

Growth factors

Answer 29

Orgo compounds required in the diet. Essential components or precursor of components and can’t be synthesized

Question 30

Passive diffusion

Answer 30

Small uncharged particles cross membranes from high to low concentration with no assistance

Question 31

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

Substances move across the membrane with assistance of transport protein (channels or carriers). Still according to concentration gradient.

Question 32

Saturation effect

Answer 32

Facilitated diffusion reaches max transport rate when all carrier proteins are loaded

Question 33

Active transport

Answer 33

Transport of solute molecules to higher concentrations; require ATP

Question 34

Primary active transport

Answer 34

Transport proteins that use ATP to transport a single molecule across the membrane. (Uniporters)

Question 35

ATP-Binding Cassette transporters

Answer 35

Important primary transporters, move vitamins, sugars and other molecules into cells

Question 36

Solute binding proteins

Answer 36

Proteins employed by ABC transporters to deliver solute molecule to the transporter

Question 37

Siderophores

Answer 37

Proteins excreted by some bacteria to bind Iron and escort to ABC transporter

Question 38

Secondary active transport

Answer 38

When two molecules move across the transporter. One molecule has a gradient that drives transport and the other is moved with the assistance of this. Can be simpler or antiport

Question 39

Symport

Answer 39

Secondary transport where both go in the same direction

Question 40

Antiport

Answer 40

Transport where one molecule goes in and the goes out

Question 41

Cell wall

Answer 41

Layer right outside the membrane

Question 42

Peptidoglycan

Answer 42

Polymer of Nam and Nag subunits linked first in chains and then cross linked like a chain link fence. Polypeptides connect rows, teichoic acids connect sheets

Question 43

Gram positive bacteria

Answer 43

Contain a single membrane surrounded by a thick (20-80nm) peptidoglycan layer. Stains purple

Question 44

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 44

Has a thin peptidoglycan layer (2-7nm) and then an outer membrane (12-14 nm). Stains red or pink

Question 45

Periplasmic space

Answer 45

Space between the inner and outer membranes in gram negative bacteria

Question 46

Periplasm

Answer 46

Substance in the periplasmic space