Ch. 3 Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

3 Parts of a Cell

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

a flexible yet sturdy barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 3

Electrochemical Gradient

Answer 3

The concentration gradient and electrical gradient combined

Question 4

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 4

Allows for small, nonpolar, and uncharged molecules to pass through the plasma membrane

Question 5

Transmembrane Proteins

Answer 5

Make up channels or transports to aid in facilitated diffusion

Question 6

Macromolecules

Answer 6

Only able to pass through plasma membrane via vesicular transport

Question 7

Concentration Gradient

Answer 7

The difference of a chemical concentration from inside and outside the cell

Question 8

Electrical Gradient

Answer 8

The difference of ion concentration from inside and outside the cell

Question 9

Passive Transport

Answer 9

Transport that doesn’t require ATP or energy from Na+ or K+

Question 10

Simple Diffusion

Answer 10

Diffusion through the lipid bilayer

Question 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 11

Diffusion through a channel or carrier

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

Diffusion of a Solvent in Passive Transport

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

Transport across the cell membrane that requires energy

Question 14

Primary Transport

Answer 14

Active Transport across the membrane that requires ATP energy to use pumps

Question 15

Secondary Transport

Answer 15

Active Transport across the membrane that requires Na+ and K+ energy for antiporters and symporters

Question 16

Anitporter

Answer 16

Moves two substances in the opposite direction

Question 17

Symporter

Answer 17

Moves two substances in the same direction

Question 18

Vesicular Transport

Answer 18

Active Transport which uses ATP energy for vesicles

Question 19

5 Influences on Diffusion

Answer 19

1. Steepness of the gradient 2. Temperature 3. Mass of the substance 4. Surface Area 5. Diffusion Distance

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

The inside of the Plasma Membrane which is made up of cytosol and organelles

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Helps with structure, shape, and movement

Question 22

Centrosomes/Centromeres

Answer 22

Dense areas of cytoplasm

Question 23

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 23

Cilia moves fluid and Flagella moves the cell

Question 24

Ribosomes

Answer 24

Make Proteins

Question 25

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 25

Holds Ribosomes

Question 26

Golgi Complex

Answer 26

Filters and sorts proteins

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

Break down old organelles

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

Uses cellular respiration to make ATP

Question 29

Nucleus

Answer 29

Holds DNA and mRNA

Question 30

2 Steps in Protein Synthesis

Answer 30

Transcription and Translation

Question 31

Transcription

Answer 31

Genetic info of DNA is copied onto an RNA strand

Question 32

Translation

Answer 32

The mRNA nucleotide sequence is read and determines the amino acid sequence in order to from a new protein

Question 33

Transcription Steps

Answer 33

1. mRNA directs protein synthesis 2. rRNA joins with ribosomal proteins to create ribosomes 3. tRNA binds to amino acids and holds RNA strand in place for translation

Question 34

2 Types of Cell Division

Answer 34

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 35

5 Steps of Mitosis

Answer 35

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase, and Cytokinesis

Question 36

Prophase

Answer 36

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and centrosomes move to opposite poles

Question 37

Phagocyte

Answer 37

Form of endocytosis where large particles and bacteria are engulfed to be broken down then released

Question 38

Endocytosis

Answer 38

Brings material into the cell

Question 39

Exocytosis

Answer 39

Removes material from cell

Question 40

Metaphase

Answer 40

Centromeres line up at the metaphase plate

Question 41

Anaphase

Answer 41

Centromeres split and sister chromatids move toward opposite poles

Question 42

Telephase

Answer 42

The mitotic spindle dissolves, chromosomes regain chromatin appearance, and new nuclear membrane forms

Question 43

Cytokinesis

Answer 43

Parent Cell Fully Splits

Question 44

The difference between cytokinesis in Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Answer 44

Meiosis I ends with 2 non-identical diploid cells, whereas Meiosis II ends with 4 non-identical haploid cells