Ch 3: Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

our subjective awareness of ourselves in our environment

Question 2

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 2

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity that is linked with cognition, whether it’s perception, thinking memory or language

Question 3

cocktail party effect

Answer 3

that is when your ability to attend to only one voice with a Cee of many as you chat with a party guest.

Question 4

Inattentional blindness

Answer 4

is the failure to see visible objects when your attention is directed elsewhere

Question 5

Dual processing

Answer 5

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. “ We know more than we know we know”

Question 6

Blindsight

Answer 6

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

Question 7

Parallel processing

Answer 7

processing many aspects of a stimulus or problems simultaneously. Allows your mind to take care of routine business.

Question 8

Sequential processing

Answer 8

is processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time (usually used to process new information or to solve difficult problems)

Question 9

Sleep

Answer 9

is a natural loss of consciousness

Question 10

Circadian rhythm

Answer 10

our biological clock that regulates things such as our temperature and wakefulness

Question 11

Sleep Stages

Answer 11

Show stages: N1, N2, N3, N2, then REM
Each sleep cycle last approximately 90 minutes
Alpha waves: slow brain waves, that are characteristic of relaxed, and an awake state
Delta waves: large and slow brain waves that are associated with deep sleep
Hallucinations:
REM sleep: muscles are relaxed, heart rate roses, breathing becomes more rapid and irregular, rapid eye movements indicate dreaming has started

Question 12

Alpha waves

Answer 12

slow brain waves, that are characteristic of relaxed, and an awake state

Question 13

Delta waves

Answer 13

large and slow brain waves that are associated with deep sleep

Question 14

Hallucinations

Question 15

REM sleep

Answer 15

muscles are relaxed, heart rate roses, breathing becomes more rapid and irregular, rapid eye movements indicate dreaming has started

Question 16

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Answer 16

functions to decrease the brains, pineal gland’s production of sleep-inducing, hormone, melatonin, in the morning and increase it in the evening.. basically modifying our feelings of sleepiness

Question 17

Insomnia

Answer 17

Reccuring problems in falling and staying asleep

Question 18

Narcolepsy

Answer 18

Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep

Question 19

Sleep apnea

Answer 19

Stopping of breathing while asleep. associated with obesity, especially in men

Question 20

Night terros

Answer 20

high arousal and appearance of being terrified

Question 21

Substance disorders

Answer 21

a disorder characterized by a continued substance craving in youth, despite significant life, disruption and/or physical risks

Question 22

Psychoactive drug

Answer 22

a chemical substance that altered perceptions in modes

Question 23

what are the three main categories of psychoactive drugs

Answer 23

depressants, simulans, and hallucinogens.

Question 24

Depressants

Answer 24

Examples are alcohol, barbiturates (tranquilizers), and opiates that work to calm neural activity and slow body functions

Question 25

Barbiturates

Answer 25

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety, but impairing, memory and judgement

Question 26

Opiates

Answer 26

opium, and it’s derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, depress your activity, temporarily less pain and anxiety

Question 27

Alcoholism

Answer 27

is when alcohol use is marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

Question 28

Stimulants

Answer 28

drugs that excites, neural activity and speeds of body functions, i.e. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and ecstasy (aka MDMA or Molly).

Question 29

Hallucinogens

Answer 29

are psychedelic drugs, such as LSD (aka Acid) distort perceptions, any folks sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 30

MJ

Answer 30

a mild hallucinogen that causes sensitivity, the colors, sounds, taste, and smells it, disinhibits , and may produce a euphoria like alcohol

Question 31

Consciousness

Answer 31

The ability to be aware of oneself and the environment

Question 32

Meditation

Answer 32

Techniques used to reach focused attention and relaxation, sometimes to achieve a more transcendental state of consciousness

Question 33

MBSR

Answer 33

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction practice for patients to deal with stress

Question 34

Hypnosis

Answer 34

a process where the practitioner suggest changes in the sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior of the subject

Question 35

Sociocognitive theory

Answer 35

effects interact between the subject and the influence doing the hypnotizing

Question 36

Highway Hypnosis

Answer 36

term to describe the state of consciousness used to describe excessive fatigue experienced when driving on a monotonous road (I’ve experienced this when driving back home to Kingston)

Question 37

Unconscious

Answer 37

Total lack of awareness or unresponsive to yourself, the environment and stimuli aka neural inertia where different parts of the brain can “shut off” i.e. a coma

Question 38

Beta 13-30 Hz

Answer 38

rapid short waves when we’re alert and active and concentrated

Question 39

Alpha 8-13 Hz

Answer 39

when we’re relaxed, watching tv, daydreaming, in meditation

Question 40

Theta 4-8 Hz

Answer 40

found in frontal part of the brain when in a deep meditation

Question 41

Delta 0.5-4 Hz

Answer 41

found when we’re in a deep sleep

Question 42

Sensory Overload

Answer 42

when your senses are over-stimulated that can lead to exhaustion

Question 43

Selective Attention

Answer 43

is the brain's way of dealing with sensory overload. It’s the body’s and brain’s way of reducing sensory overload. Ex. cocktail party phenomenon

Question 44

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 44

when we miss and object because you are focused on something else at the moment.

Question 45

Change Blindness

Answer 45

when you miss when something in front of you changes but you fail to notice

Question 46

Sundowning

Answer 46

occurs with people that have Alzheimer’s where their symptoms are more prevalent later in the day

Question 47

Chronotype

Answer 47

individuals having different energy levels as the day draws on. People tend to have more energy in the afternoon to evening.

Question 48

Polysomnography

Answer 48

tool used to understand and measure the amount and the quality of sleep that measures EEG, respiration, jaw mvts, eye movements etc.

Question 49

5 Stages of sleep

Answer 49

Stage 1: drifting on edge of consciousness, Stage 2: light sleep that is more erratic, Stage 3 & 4: breathing and pulse have slowed down, REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Mvt) aka “Paradoxical Sleep”

Question 50

Active-synthesis theory

Answer 50

suggest random firing in the lower part of the brain in the cortex

Question 51

Information processing theory

Answer 51

says dreams are the brain’s way of processing what happened during the day at random

Question 52

Physiological functioning

Answer 52

theory to preserve our neural pathways active

Question 53

Dyssomnias

Answer 53

abnormalities in the amount, timing and quality of sleep

Question 54

Parasomnias

Answer 54

abnormal behavior during sleep