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Pharm > CH. 3 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

CH. 3 (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

A clinically DESIRABLE action?

A

Therapeutic effects

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2
Q

A clinically UNDESIRABLE reaction?

A

Adverse effect

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3
Q

Undesirable response to drug; potentially harmful; occurs at usual therapeutic doses

A

Adverse drug reaction

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4
Q

List the 5 categories of adverse drug reactions?

A 
Toxic reaction 
Side effect
Idiosyncratic reaction 
Drug allergy 
Interference with natural defense mechanisms
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5
Q

A reaction effect resulting from a drug’s effect on the target organs?

A

Toxic reaction

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6
Q

A reaction that occurs when a drug acts on a non target organ to produce undesirable effect?

A

Side effect

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7
Q

A reaction genetically related abnormal drug response?

A

Idiosyncratic reaction

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8
Q

A drug reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis?

A

Drug allergy

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9
Q

A reaction that interfere with the body’s defense that causes a pt to get infections more easily and have more trouble fighting them?

A

Interference with natural defense mechanisms

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10
Q

A drug reaction that effects the off spring?

A

Teratogenic effect

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11
Q

Drugs that are safe to use during pregnancy?

A

Penicillin
Erythromycin
Acetaminophen
Local anesthetic lidocaine

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12
Q

Drugs that contraindicated during pregnancy?

A

Tetracycline
Nonsterodial anti inflammatory agents
Benzodiazepines
Metronidazole

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13
Q

Agents that cause congenital malformations and developmental abnormalities if introduced during gestation ?

A

Teratogens

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14
Q

Hypersensitivity: Type 1?

A

Immediate hypersensitivity; anaphylaxis

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15
Q

Hypersensitivity: Type 2?

A

Cytotoxic/cytolytic

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16
Q

Hypersensitivity: Type 3

A

Arthus

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17
Q

Hypersensitivity: Type 4?

A

Delayed hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Reactions are mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages?
EX: contact dermatitis

A

Type 4: delayed hypersensitivity

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19
Q

Mediated by IgE antibodies

A

Type 1

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20
Q 
Anaphylactic shock
Rhinitis 
Asthma 
Urticaria 
Dermatitis 
Hypotension 
Bronchospam 
Laryngeal edema 
Cardiac arryrhmias
A

Type 1

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21
Q

Life threading and acute

A

Type 1

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22
Q

Antigen-antibody complex is fixed to circulating RBC’s resulting in lysis. Complement-dependent reactions involving either immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies

A

Type 2: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic

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23
Q

A reaction that is neither the drug’s side effect nor an allergic reaction?

A

Idiosyncrasy

24
Q

An allergic reaction to occur, an ingested drug must be metabolized to a reactive metabolite known as a ?

A

Hapten

25
Q

Adverse reaction: not predictable and not dose related?

A

Allergic reaction

26
Q 
Adverse reaction: 
Predictable 
Dose-related
Acts on target organs 
Extensions of pharmacologic effects
A

Toxic reaction

27
Q

Adverse reaction:
Predictable
Dose-related
Acts on nontarget organs

A

Side effect

28
Q

Terato means

A

Monster

29
Q

-genic means

A

Producing

30
Q

Which of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy risk categories is absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy?

A

X

31
Q

A person who has an abnormal response to a medication based on a genetic component is said to have what type of event?

A

Idiosyncratic reaction

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of type I anaphylactic shock include all except which of the following?

A 
Bronchospasm
  Laryngeal edema
  Hypotension 
  Hypertension (Correct)
  Cardiac arrhythmias
33
Q

Which route of administration of penicillin is most likely to cause an anaphylactic reaction?

A

Intravenous

34
Q

Which immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies are involved in a type I immediate hypersensitivity drug reaction?

A

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

35
Q

Tissue necrosis at the site of an injection is an example of which type of adverse drug reaction?

A

Local effect

36
Q

Drug interactions can produce either harmful or beneficial effects. Increasing the number of drugs prescribed to a patient increases the chances of drug interactions.

A

Both statements are true

37
Q

The metabolism of an ingested drug to a reactive metabolite produces a(n):

A

Hapten

38
Q

In a __________ reaction, inflammation is produced by sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages coming in contact with an antigen, producing lymphokines and cytokines.

A

Type IV (delayed-hypersensitivity) reaction

39
Q

A drug that has an affinity for a receptor combines with the receptor and produces an effect is termed a(n)?

A

Agonist

40
Q

Which enteral route of administration is indicated for patients unable to take oral medications?

A

Rectal

41
Q

Which drug would have the longest half-life?

A

A drug that is given once a day instead of BID, TID, or QID

42
Q

Which term best describes zero-order kinetics?

A

The liver enzymes that metabolize the drug become saturated at the usual therapeutic does.

43
Q

Which factors would make a medication more readily able to be absorbed and distributed?

A

Nonionic form
Lipid Soluble
Unbound to plasma

44
Q

Drugs that undergo the first-pass effect are given by which route of administration?

A

oral

45
Q

A noncompetitive antagonist binds to?

A

A different receptor site than the agonist, reducing the maximal response of the agonist.

46
Q

Cell membranes are composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The membrane lipids make the membrane relatively permeable to ions and polar molecules.

A

true and false

47
Q

Which properties affect a drug’s ability to pass across the biologic membrane of the cell?

A

Lipid solubility
Degree of ionization
Molecular size and shape

48
Q

Lipid-soluble substances move across the lipoprotein cell membrane by what type of mechanism?

A

Passive transfer by simple diffusion

49
Q

The pH of the tissues at the site of administration and the dissociation characteristics (pKa) of the drug will determine the amount of drug present in the ionized and nonionized state.

A

true

50
Q

The presence of infection in the tissue causes a(n) __________ in the pH of the tissue, __________ the effect of local anesthetics.

A

decrease and decreasing

51
Q

The passage of drugs into various body fluid compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluids, and intracellular fluids is called

A

Distribution

52
Q

When an active drug is metabolized into a second active metabolite, how is the action of that drug affected?

A

prolonged

53
Q

Where is the primary site of metabolism by hydrolysis?

A

Blood plasma

54
Q

Drugs with a high first-pass effect must have a __________ oral-to-parenteral dose ratio if they are given orally.
Larger Correct

A

Larger

55
Q

Mathematical representation of the way drugs are removed from the body. Most common is first-order kinetics.

A

Kinetics

56
Q

Rate of metabolism remains the same over time

Examples of drugs: Aspirin and Alcohol

A

Zero-Order Kinetics

Pharm (7 decks)

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