Ch 3 - Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations

Question 1

Chemical Bonds

Answer 1

Compounds are made of atoms held together by these(Ionic and Covalent)

Question 2

(Ionic Compounds)Naming Monatomic Nonmetal Anion

Answer 2

add “ide” to the end of the anion name.

Nitride, Oxide, Sulfide…

Question 3

(ionic Compounds)Naming Metals with invariant charge

Answer 3

the cation name is the metal name as it has no variation in what it can be.

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium…

Question 4

(Ionic Compounds)Naming Metals with variant charge

Answer 4

Used when a meta(the cation)l has more than one ion.

Chromium, Cr^2+, Chromium (II), Chromous

Chromium Cr^3+. Chromium (III), Chromic

Question 5

Ionic Bond

Answer 5

Results when electrons have been transferred between atoms creating Ions.

Usually a metal(cation) and a nonmetal(anion)

Question 6

Covalent Bond

Answer 6

Results when two atoms share some of their electrons.

Usually between nonmetals

Question 7

Molecular Compound

Answer 7

Composed of molecules and almost always contain ONLY nonmetals

Question 8

Ionic Compound

Answer 8

Almost always contain a metal with a nonmetal.

Use Empirical formula with ionic compounds

Question 9

Chemical Formula

Answer 9

indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms or ions of each.

H2O gives the atoms composing it and the ratio.

Question 10

Empirical Formula

Answer 10

Gives the lowest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 11

Molecular Formula

Answer 11

Gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 12

Structural Formula

Answer 12

Use with Covalent bonds to show connections.

H2O2 H-O-O-H

Question 13

Ball and Stick Model

Answer 13

molecular model with balls and stick to show atoms

Question 14

Space Filling Molecular Model

Answer 14

Orbs connected to each other to represent how an atom would look

Question 15

Molecular Compound

Answer 15

two or more covalently bonded nonmetals

Question 16

Ionic Compound

Answer 16

composed of cations(metals) and anions(nonmetals)

Question 17

Formula Unit

Answer 17

In an Ionic Compound, the smallest electrically neutral collection of ions.

Question 18

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 18

an ion composed of two or more atoms.

Question 19

Binary Compound

Answer 19

compound with only two different elements.

Question 20

Naming Binary Compound

Answer 20

Name of cation(metal), basename of anion(nonmetal) + ide.

KCl, Potassium Chloride

Question 21

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds with more than 1 charge

Answer 21

name of cation(metal), charge of cation in roman numberl, base of anion + ide

CuO, Copper(II) Oxide

It is Copper(II) because Oxygen is O^2- and the charge must balance to be neutral

Question 22

Oxyanions

Answer 22

anions containing oxygen and another element

Many polyatomic ions are this.

Question 23

(Polyatomic ions)Hypo, ite, ate, per

Answer 23

Used if an element has more than two ion variations(the anion).

ClO^- Hypochlorite
ClO2^- Chlorite
ClO3^- Chlorate
ClO4^- Perchlorate

Question 24

Hydrate(Ionic Compounds)

Answer 24

used to state a specific amount of water molecules associated with a formula unit.

BaCl2* 6H2O Barium Chloride Hexahydrate

Question 25

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

Answer 25

Prefix,name of 2st element, prefix, base name of second element + ide BF3, Boron Triflouride

Question 26

Mono

Answer 26

1

Question 27

Di

Answer 27

2

Question 28

Tri

Answer 28

3

Question 29

Tetra

Answer 29

4

Question 30

Penta

Answer 30

5

Question 31

Hexa

Answer 31

6

Question 32

Hepta

Answer 32

7

Question 33

Octa

Answer 33

8

Question 34

Nona

Answer 34

9

Question 35

Deca

Answer 35

10

Question 36

Acid

Answer 36

molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions(H^+) when dissolved in water. Sour taste, ability to dissolve metals

Question 37

Naming Binary Acids

Answer 37

composed of H^+ and a nonmetal Hydro, base name of nonmetal + ic, acid HCl(aq), Hydrochloric Acid

Question 38

Naming Oxyacids

Answer 38

contain H^+ and an oxyanion. Oxyanion ending with "-ate" SO4^2-, Sulfate -> Sulfuric Acid Oxyanion ending with "-ite" H2SO3(aq) Sulfite -> Sulfurous Acid

Question 39

Formula mass

Answer 39

the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula. CO2 -> 12.01amu+2(16.00amu) = 44.01amu

Question 40

Molar Mass

Answer 40

the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance or formula units. CO2 -> 44.01amu, 44.01, formula mass, and 44.01 molar mass

Question 41

Mass Percent Composition(Mass Percent)

Answer 41

an elements % of the compounds totals CCl2F2 mass % Cl = ((2)(molar mass Cl)/Molar mass CCl2F2) * 100

Question 42

Elemental Analysis

Answer 42

Used to take data and turn it into a chemical formula. base sample out of 100g, use %s as subscripts for components, divide each by their molar mass, divide by the lowest number of a component to get whole numbers(Empirical Formula)

Question 43

Determine Molecular Formula from Empirical Formula

Answer 43

Empirical formula = CH Molecular Weight = 78.1134g/mol fivide by CH weight(13.02g/mol) 78.1134/13.02 = 6 C6H6