Ch 3 - Olfactory

Question 1

Anosmia

Answer 1

Absence of the sense of smell

Question 2

Hyposmia

Answer 2

Reduced sense of smell

Question 3

Dysosmia

Answer 3

Distorted sense of smell

Question 4

Absence of the sense of smell

Answer 4

Anosmia

Question 5

Reduced sense of smell

Answer 5

Hyposmia

Question 6

Distorted sense of smell

Answer 6

Dysosmia

Question 7

Nasal cavity contains _____ lined with the olfactory epithelium containing the olfactory receptor cells

Answer 7

Turbinates

Question 8

Supporting Cells

Answer 8

• Columnar epithelial cells lined w/ microvilli

- Filled w/ secretory granules

Question 9

Basal Cells

Answer 9

Undifferentiated stem cells that give rise to the olfactory receptor cells

Question 10

Olfactory Receptor Cells

Answer 10

• Primary afferent neurons, CN I
• Form olfactory bulb after entering cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
• unmyelinated C-fibers
• Regenerate

Question 11

Olfactory Transduction

Answer 11

• Odorant molecules bind to specific olfactory receptor proteins located on the cilia of olfactory receptor cells
• Receptor proteins activate adenylyl cyclase via a G protein; G(olf)
• ATP is converted to cAMP
• Na+ channels open, depolarizing the receptor cell membrane
• AP propagated via CN I

Question 12

Olfactory Transduction Starting w/ Odorant molecules

Answer 12

Odorant Molecules -> Bind olfactory receptor proteins -> increase in Golf protein -> increase in cAMP -> opens cation channels -> Depolarization of olfactory cilia -> APs in olfactory nerve axons

Question 13

Chemicals called ____ are detected and transduced by chemoreceptors located in taste buds

Answer 13

Tastants

Question 14

Types of Taste

Answer 14

Salty
Sweet
Sour
Bitter

Question 15

Function of Gustatory Supporting Cells

Answer 15

Unknown

Question 16

Function of Basal Gustatory Cells

Answer 16

• Precursor to taste receptor cells

- Continuous replacement (every 10 days)

Question 17

Function of Taste Receptor Cells

Answer 17

• Specialized chemoreceptors. They are not neurons

- Mediation thru the gustaducin G-associated protein

Question 18

Bitter Mechanism of Taste Transduction

Answer 18

Binds G protein-coupled membrane receptor -> Increase in IP3 & Ca2+ -> Opens TRP channels -> Depolarization

Question 19

Sweet, umami Mechanism of Taste Transduction

Answer 19

Binds G protein-coupled membrane receptor -> increase in IP3 & Ca2+ -> Opens TRP channels -> Depolarization

Question 20

Sour Mechanism of Taste Transduction

Answer 20

Hydrogen ions enters thru membrane Na+ channels (ENaC) -> Depolarization

Question 21

Salty Mechanism of Taste Transduction

Answer 21

Na+ enters thru membrane Na+ channels (ENaC) -> Depolarization

Question 22

Innervation of the Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 22

• Sweet & Salty sensations

- Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 23

Innervation of the Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 23

• Bitter and Sour sensations

- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 24

Back of the throat and epiglottis are innervated by

Answer 24

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 25

Ageusia

Answer 25

Absence of taste

Question 26

Absence of taste

Answer 26

Ageusia

Question 27

Hypogeusia

Answer 27

Decreased taste sensitivity

Question 28

Decreased taste sensitivity

Answer 28

Hypogeusia

Question 29

Hypergeusia

Answer 29

Increased taste sensitivity

Question 30

Increased taste sensitivity

Answer 30

Hypergeusia

Question 31

Dysgeusia

Answer 31

Distortion of taste, including taste sensation in the absence of taste stimuli

Question 32

Distortion of taste, including taste sensation in the absence of taste stimuli

Answer 32

Dysgeusia