Ch 3 Pathology of Abdominal Wall/Chest Flashcards
(31 cards)
List 4 abdominal wall pathologies?
Hematoma, abscess, hernias + neoplasms
Where is the m/c superficial hematoma located?
Within the rectus sheath
(due to muscular trauma resulting in hemorrhage)
List 3 post-traumatic causes of an abdo wall hematoma?
-Direct trauma (m/c)
-Surgery
-Exercise
List 4 spontaneous causes of an abdo wall hematoma?
-Anticoagulant therapy
-Bleeding disorders
-Pregnancy
-Steroid therapy
S/S of an abdo wall hematoma?
-Pain, maybe palpable mass
-M/c history of trauma
-Ecchymosis (discoloration) of abdominal wall
-Falling hematocrit value
SF of an abdo wall hematoma?
Depends on age, changes with time
Acute: hypoechoic to anechoic
Older: variable depending on level of clotted blood
Location of abdo wall hematomas?
Arcuate line
What is an abdo wall abscess?
Fluid collection, due to post surgical infections or trauma
S/S of an abdo wall abscess?
-Pain, maybe palpable lump
-Fever, increased WBCs
-Redness/warmth to area
SF of an abdo wall abscess?
-M/c hypoechoic fluid filled mass with irregular borders
-Internal debris
-Possibly air (from gas producing bacteria)
-Enhancement
Treatment for an abscess?
M/c antibiotics, can drain it too
It is important to determine if an abdo wall abscess is intra-peritoneal or extra-peritoneal. How can we tell?
Look for the peritoneal line
List 5 neoplasms of the abdo wall?
-Lipomas
-Desmoid tumors
-Endometrioma
-Soft tissue sarcomas
-Metastatic carcinoma
What is a lipoma?
-Benign fatty tumor
-M/c benign mass of abdo wall
What is the m/c benign mass of the abdo wall?
Lipoma
SF of a lipoma?
-Echogenic or isoechoic
-Soft + compressible
Treatment for a lipoma?
Surgery
What is a desmoid tumor + where is it m/c found?
-Tumor composed of fibrous tissue
-M/c in the anterior abdo wall (arises from muscle, fascia or aponeuroses)
Are desmoid tumors m/c benign or malignant?
Benign, but can become infiltrating + aggressive
What is another name for desmoid tumors?
Aggressive fibromatosis
What tumor is m/c in women due to it often being related to pregnancy?
Desmoid tumors
(is also related to previous abdo surgery)
Treatment for desmoid tumors?
-Surveillance with multiple imaging modalities (due to possible malignant transformation)
-Possible spontaneous regression (decreased size)
-Surgery only if symptomatic (due to high recurrence rate after surgery)
SF of desmoid tumors?
-Homogeneous
-Hypo/isoechoic
-Good through transmission
-May have CD flow (m/c seen in aggressive types)
What are endometriomas of the abdo wall + where are they m/c found?
-Chocolate cysts along the abdo wall
-M/c found post operation (after c-sections or laparoscopies)
