Ch. 3 - Phonetics

Question 1

What does IPA stand for?

Answer 1

International Phonetic Alphabet

Question 2

The general study of the characteristics of speech sounds is called..?

Answer 2

Phonetics

Question 3

the study of how speech sounds

are made, or articulated

Answer 3

Articulatory Phonetics

Question 4

The study of the physical properties of speech, and aims to analyse sound wave signals that occur within speech through varying frequencies, amplitudes and durations

Answer 4

Acoustic Phonetics

Question 5

The study of how sounds are perceived by the human ear or recognized by the brain

Answer 5

Auditory Phonetics

aka “Perceptual Phonetics”

Question 6

How long has the IPA been an established framework for identifying and studying speech segments?

Answer 6

Over 100 years

Question 7

Where are your vocal chords/folds located?

Answer 7

Inside the larynx

Question 8

The sound that is made when the vocal chords are spread apart, and air from the lungs passes through them unimpeded

Answer 8

Voiceless (-V)

Question 9

The sound that is made when the vocal chords are drawn together, creating a vibration when air from the lungs is pushed through

Answer 9

Voiced (+V)

Question 10

How are most consonant sounds produced?

Answer 10

By using the tongue and other parts of the mouth to constrict, in some way, the shape of the oral cavity through which the air is passing

Question 11

[b] , [p], and [m] are both examples of what kinds of consonants?

Answer 11

Bilabial Consonants (made using both lips)

Question 12

[f] and [v] are examples of what kinds of consonants?

Answer 12

Labiodental Consonants (made using upper teeth and lower lip)

Question 13

What’s the name of the rough area behind your upper teeth?

Answer 13

Alveolar Ridge

Question 14

What are some examples of Alveolar sounds?

Answer 14

[t], [d], [s], [z], [n]

nun, dad, size, tot, etc.

Question 15

What’s the symbol for the voiceless version of “th”?

Answer 15

[θ], called “theta”

Question 16

What’s the symbol for the voiced version of “th”?

Answer 16

[ð], called “eth”

Question 17

These consonants are articulated with the tongue against the back of the upper incisors

Answer 17

Dental Consonants

Question 18

Produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth

Answer 18

Interdental Consonants

Question 19

Symbol is used for the sounds made in the middle area of

the mouth, involving the tongue and the palate (the roof of the mouth).

Answer 19

[ʃ], makes the “sh” sounds

as in “shout”, “shoe”, “shake”

Question 20

Consonants created from the use of the mouths palate are knows as…?

Answer 20

Palatals

ex: “ch”, “sh”, “

Question 21

What are the symbols for the VOICED palatals?

Answer 21

[ʒ], [ʤ], [j]

[ʒ] for the sound in treasure, rouge,

[ʤ] for the sound in judge, George.

[j] which typically represents the “y” sound, as in yes, yoyo

Question 22

What are the symbols for the VOICELESS palatals?

Answer 22

[ʃ] for the “sh” sound, as in shout, shoe-brush

[ʧ] for the “ch” sound, as in child, church

Question 23

The sounds produced toward the back of the mouth (soft palate), involving the velum, are known as the…?

Answer 23

Velar Consonants

“kick”, “gag”

Question 24

What are the three Velar consonants?

Answer 24

[k], as in kick

[ɡ], as in gag

[ŋ], called “angma,” as in “thong”,
“ringing”

Question 25

Consonants using the glottis, the open space [h] | between the vocal folds

Answer 25

Glottals "who", "hat"

Question 26

What's a Stop consonant? What are the three Stop Consonants?

Answer 26

Produced when we block the airflow briefly, then let it go abruptly. Voiceless stops are [p], [t], [k] Voiced stops are [b], [d], [ɡ]

Question 27

How is a Fricative Consonant produced?

Answer 27

Made when we almost block the airflow and force it through a narrow gap, creating a type of friction.

Question 28

What are the Voiced/Voiceless forms of Fricative Consonants?

Answer 28

The voiceless forms are [f], [θ], [s], [ʃ], [h], so that the word "fish" begins and ends with voiceless fricatives The voiced versions are [v], [ð], [z], [ʒ], so the word "those" begins and ends with voiced fricatives.

Question 29

When we combine a brief stopping of the airflow with a release through a narrow gap, we produce what's called a....?

Answer 29

Voiceless Affricate [[ʧ], at the beginning of cheap, and the voiced affricate [ʤ] at the beginning of jeep.

Question 30

When the velum is lowered, allowing air to flow out through | the nose, we can produce the..?

Answer 30

Nasals Consonants the nasals [m], [n] and [ŋ]. The words "morning", "knitting" and "name" begin and end with nasals, all voiced

Question 31

A sound produced by letting air flow around the sides of the tongue (e.g. the first sound in lip)

Answer 31

Liquid Consonants [l], and [r]

Question 32

These are produced with the tongue in motion to or from the position of a vowel

Answer 32

Glides/ Gliding Consonants The words we, "wet", "yes" and "you" begin with glides (also called “semi-vowels”)

Question 33

Is produced when the space between the vocal folds (the glottis) is closed completely very briefly, then released

Answer 33

Glottal Stop ex: saying "uh uh", or "bottle", "butter" without pronouncing the "tt" part of the word.

Question 34

Is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.

Answer 34

Flap Consonant [ɾ] ex: Pronouncing "butter" like "budder". Very common in American English.

Question 35

Which consonants do Americans have a tendency to flap?

Answer 35

[t] and [d]

Question 36

How are Vowel sounds classified?

Answer 36

areas of the mouth: Front Central Back Low Middle High

Question 37

Sounds that consist of a | combination of two vowel sounds

Answer 37

Diphthongs When we produce diphthongs, our vocal organs move from one vocalic position [a] to another [ɪ] as we produce the sound [aɪ] Ex: "Hi" and "Bye"

Question 38

What is the most common single sound we use in English casual speech?

Answer 38

schwa [ə] It is the unstressed vowel (underlined) in the everyday use of words such as "afford", "collapse", "photograph", "wanted", and in those very common words "a" and "the"

Question 39

What's the phonetic difference between a Consonant and a Vowel?

Answer 39

Consonants involves some sort of constriction of airflow, whereas Vowels do not.

Question 40

Consonant sounds are described by which three criteria?

Answer 40

Voicing Place of articulation Manner of articulation

Question 41

Where the constriction of air takes place in the vocal tract

Answer 41

Place of articulation

Question 42

This term is determined by what the vocal chords are doing

Answer 42

Voicing

Question 43

This term refers to how the airflow is constricted

Answer 43

Manner of Articulation

Question 44

What are the three characteristics that constitute Vowel sounds?

Answer 44

Height Backness Roundedness

Question 45

What are the two types of Vowel sounds?

Answer 45

Monophthongs (one vowel qualities) Diphthongs (two vowel qualities)

Question 46

Height of a Vowel refers to....?

Answer 46

How high or low the tongue is in the mouth