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Image Processing And Production > Ch. 3 TEST MATERIAL > Flashcards

Ch. 3 TEST MATERIAL Flashcards

1
Q

The atomic number of iodine is:

A

53

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2
Q

The atomic number of barium is:

A

56

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3
Q

Place the following tissue densities in order of easiest to hardest to penetrate by x-ray:

Lung
Muscle
Fat
Bone

A

Lung
Fat
Muscle
Bone

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4
Q

The total reduction in the number of x rays remaining in an x ray beam after penetration through a given thickness of tissue is called:

A

attenuation

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5
Q

Place the following tissue densities in order of hardest to easiest to penetrate by X-ray:

Lung
Muscle
Fat
Bone

A

Bone
Muscle
Fat
Lung

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6
Q

Coherent scattering is an interaction between low energy x rays and _____

A

Whole atoms

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7
Q

An x ray image results from the difference between those x rays absorbed photoelectrically in the patient and those transmitted to the image receptor.
This difference in x ray interaction is called ____

A

Differential absorption

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8
Q

air is considered a negative contrast agent
True or False

A

True because it appears dark on an image due to low-density

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9
Q

X rays throughout the diagnostic range can undergo an interaction with outer-shell electrons that not only scatters the x ray but reduces its energy and ionizes the atoms as well.
This interaction is called:

A

Compton Scatter

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10
Q

What type of x-ray interaction with matter is the source of most of the occupational radiation exposure that radiographers receive?

A

Compton Scattering

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11
Q

How could you decrease quantum noise in a digital image?
(fill in the bank on the test)

A

Increase mAs

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12
Q

The principal source of radiographic fog is _______.

A

scatter

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13
Q

How can a technologist compensate for the involuntary motion of the patient?

A

Short exposure time

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14
Q

Which factor has the greatest effect on size distortion?

A

OID

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15
Q

Which factor would cause an increase in spatial resolution?

A

long SID

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16
Q

The two types of shape distortion are:

A

Elongation and Foreshortening

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17
Q

High contrast; short scale or long scale?

A

Short scale ( few shades of gray)
long low lots of gray

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18
Q

What is considered to be the most detrimental to spatial resolution and the number one cause of repeat X-rays?

A

Motion blur

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19
Q

Fat tissue absorbs less radiation than muscle because fat tissue has a lower:

A

density

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20
Q

As compared to the patient with a 24 cm thick abdomen, imaging a patient with a 30 cm thick abdomen will result in ___________ scatter being produced and ________ image contrast

A

more, lower

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21
Q

Due to the anode heel effect, radiation intensity can vary by as much as:
(fill in the blank on the test)

A

45 Percent

22
Q

What is defined as the range of exposure intensity that an IR can accurately detect?

A

Dynamic Range

23
Q

An increase in kVp will have what effect on digital imaging?
- More Scatter?
- Higher Exposure Rate?
- Lower Contrast?

A

ALL THREE
- More Scatter
- More Exposure
- Less Contrast

24
Q

What controls contrast on an image?
(fill in the blank on the test)

25
What controls the density or brightness on an image? (fill in the blank on the test)
mAs
26
What would be an example of a low-contrast image? (fill in the blank on the test)
Abdomen
27
What interaction is only dependent on the energy of the photon?
Compton
28
Unwanted exposure to the IR due to scatter radiation is called:
Fog
29
What is another name for the invisible image on the image receptor before processing?
Latent Image
30
What is another name for the invisible image after processing?
Manifest image or visible image
31
What kind of radiation has passed through the patient and on the way to the IR?
Remnant Radiation
32
Digital radiography has better or worse contrast when compared to conventional?
Better
33
What kind of radiography has the highest spatial resolution? (fill in the blank on test)
Film or Digitial Mammo
34
Digital radiography has a shorter or wider dynamic range when compared to conventional radiography
Wider
35
When the x-ray photon travels completely through the patient or through the part without an interaction is it called:
Transmission
36
The photoelectric effect involves the removal (ejection) of an electron. This process of removing an electron from an atom is known as:
Ionization
37
Visibility of the image is dependent on what two factors?
Contrast and Spatial Resolution
38
As tissue thickness increases, what happens to scatter attenuation?
scatter attenuation also increases
39
What reduces image contrast?
Compton Scattering
40
What interaction with matter acts independently of the atomic number of tissue?
Compton
41
the photoelectric absorption of x-rays produces the ____ areas in a radiograph.
White
42
Compton scatter X-rays can be deflected in any direction, including 180 degrees from the incident x-ray? true or false
True
43
A photoelectric interaction can not occur unless the incident x-ray has equal to or greater energy than the electron binding energy? True or False
True
44
The result of coherent scatter is the change in the direction of the x-ray without a change in its energy. True or False
True
45
X-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident X-ray beam is called ________.
Backscatter radiation
46
X rays in the diagnostic range undergo ionizing interactions with inner shell electrons. The x-ray is not scattered but is totally absorbed. This process is called:
Photoelectric Effect
47
The x ray image is a product of absorption and transmission. True or False
True
48
High-contrast images display…
fewer shades of gray but greater difference among them
49
Low-contrast images display….
a greater number of gray shades but smaller differences among them
50
____ is the loss of some energy from the x ray beam as it passes through the imaged tissue.
attenuation

Image Processing And Production (8 decks)

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