Ch 3. The Earth's Crust And Interior

Question 1

What is the radius of the Earth ?

Answer 1

6370 Km

Question 2

Name two projects which are studying the interior of the Earth ?

Answer 2

Deep Ocean Drilling Project and Integrated Ocean Drilling Project

Question 3

Deepest drill in the world is located at ____ which has the depth of ____ Km

Answer 3

At Kola in the Arctic Ocean, 12 Km deep

Question 4

What is the temperature at the core of Earth ?

Answer 4

5000 - 6000°C

Question 5

Mean thickness of Oceanic crust is ____ and Continental crust is ____

Answer 5

5Km and 30Km

Question 6

What is Conrad discontinuity ?

Answer 6

The zone of transition between upper continental crust and lower continental crust

Question 7

What components are found in the Oceanic crust ?

Answer 7

Silicate and Magnesium (SIMA)

Question 8

What is the mean density of the materials in the Oceanic crust ?

Answer 8

2.7 g/cm3

Question 9

The major components of Continental crust are ?

Answer 9

Silica and Aluminium (SIAL)

Question 10

What is a Craton ?

Answer 10

A large, coherent domain of Earth’s continental crust that has attained and maintained long-term stability, having undergone little internal deformation, except perhaps near its margins due to interaction with neighbouring terranes.

Question 11

What is Moho / Mohorovicic discontinuity ?

Answer 11

The zone of transition between Crust and Mantle

Question 12

What is the depth of Mantle ?

Answer 12

2900 Km from Moho’s discontinuity

Question 13

What elements are found in the Mantle ?

Answer 13

Silica and Magnesium (SIMA)

Question 14

What is the density of Mantle ?

Answer 14

3.3 - 5.4 g/cm3

Question 15

What is the thickness of Lithosphere ?

Answer 15

10-200 Km

Question 16

What is Asthenosphere ?

Answer 16

It is a highly viscous, mechanically weak, ductile, deforming area of upper mantle which exists just below the lithosphere

Question 17

What is the thickness of Asthenosphere ?

Answer 17

80 - 200 Km

Question 18

What is Repetti discontinuity ?

Answer 18

The area of discontinuity between upper mantle and lower mantle

Question 19

What is Mesosphere ?

Answer 19

The portion of the Mantle which exists just below the asthenosphere but above the core of Earth is called Mesosphere

Question 20

What is the density of Earth’s core ?

Answer 20

13 g/cm3

Question 21

What elements are found in the Earth’s core ?

Answer 21

Nickel and Iron (NIFE)

Question 22

What is Guttenberg’s discontiniuty ?

Answer 22

The area of discontinuity between Mantle and Core

Question 23

The thickness of outer core and inner core is ?

Answer 23

2200 Km and 1220 Km

Question 24

What is Lehmann-Bullen discontinuity ?

Answer 24

The area of discontinuity between outer core and inner core

Question 25

What is barysphere ?

Answer 25

Core of the earth is also called as Barysphere

Question 26

"Rate of increase" of temperature decreases with the increasing depth – true or false ?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are exogenic processes ?

Answer 27

Processes that are generated on or above the surface of the earth

Question 28

What are endogenic processes ?

Answer 28

Processes that are generated within or inside the earth

Question 29

Which mountains are developed in the Caledonian Orogeny

Answer 29

Caledonian Orogeny (320 million years ago) - Mountains of Scandinavia and Scotland, some mountains in North America

Question 30

Which mountains are developed in the Hercynian Orogeny

Answer 30

Hercynian Orogeny (240 million years ago) - Ural mountains, Pennies and Welsh mountains in Britain : Harz mountains in Germany : the Appalachians in America : high plateau of China and Siberia

Question 31

Which mountains are developed in the Alpine Orogeny

Answer 31

Alpine Orogeny (30 million years ago) - The Alps, Himalayas, Rockies and Andes mountains

Question 32

What are the different types of mountains ?

Answer 32

Structural (Fold and Block), Volcanic and Residual / Dissected mountains

Question 33

What are geosynclines ?

Answer 33

When an area of sea separates two plates, sediments settle on the seafloor in those depressions known as geosynclines

Question 34

What are types of foldings in a fold mountain ?

Answer 34

Anticline - crest : Syncline - trough Asymmetric fold, Over fold, Recumbent fold, Nappe

Question 35

Which type of mountains are called as the mountains of elevation ?

Answer 35

Fold mountains

Question 36

What are Horsts and Graben in a Block mountain ?

Answer 36

Horst - raised block Graben - depressed block

Question 37

Which type of mountains are called Mountains of Accumulation

Answer 37

Volcanic Mountains

Question 38

Shield Volcano is formed due to ____ type of lava

Answer 38

Basic lava

Question 39

Cone Volcano is formed due to ____ type of lava

Answer 39

Acidic lava

Question 40

Dissected mountains are also called as ?

Answer 40

Residual mountains, Relict mountains and circum-denudation mountains

Question 41

What is a Plateau ?

Answer 41

A Plateau is a flat-topped tableland

Question 42

How are Tectonic Plateaus formed ?

Answer 42

Formed by the upliftment of the Earth's crust

Question 43

How are Lava Plateaus formed ?

Answer 43

Developed by highly fluid basaltic lava

Question 44

What is pyroclastic flow ?

Answer 44

A basically dense fast moving flow of solidified lava, volcanic ash and hot gasses.

Question 45

What is a Dissected Plateau ?

Answer 45

Plateaus that are formed by the continuous processes of weathering and erosion by running water, ice and winds, of high and extensive plateaus

Question 46

What is a Plain ?

Answer 46

A Plain is a territory of lowland either level or undulating. It rarely rises in excess of a couple hundred feet over the sea level

Question 47

What are Structural Plains ?

Answer 47

These are structurally depressed zones that are developed from horizontally bedded rocks which are comparitively undisturbed by the movement of earth crust

Question 48

What are Outwash Plains ?

Answer 48

An outwash plain, also called a sandur, sandr or sandar, is a plain formed of glaciofluvial deposits due to meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier.

Question 49

What are Aeolian Landforms ?

Answer 49

Winds may blow Aeolian deposits - very fine particles known as Loess from interior deserts, or barren surfaces and deposit them upon hills, valleys or plains forming a loess plateau

Question 50

What are Peneplains and Pediplains ?

Answer 50

Peneplains - a more or less level land surface produced by erosion over a long period, undisturbed by crustal movement. Pediplains - an extensive plain formed in a desert by the coalescence of neighbouring pediments.