Ch. 3 Vocab Flashcards
(17 cards)
a descriptive method in which already existing records are reexamined for a new purpose
archival study
the descriptive record of an individual’s experiences, behaviors, or both kept by an outside observer
case study
a form of case study in which deviant individuals are compared with those who are not to identify the significant differences between them
deviant case analysis
contemporary phenomenology that relies on the researcher’s own experiences, experiential data provided by study participants, or other available sources such as literature or popular media; a qualitative approach
empirical phenomenology
how well findings of an experiment generalize or apply to people and settings that were not tested directly
external validity
a nonexperimental research method used in the field or in a real-life setting, typically employing a variety of techniques, including naturalistic observation and unobtrusive measures or survey tools, such as questionnaires and interviews
field study
a type of group interview; it is an organized discussion session with a small group of people, usually led by a trained facilitator
focus group
the certainty that the changes in behavior observed across treatment conditions were actually caused by differences in treatments
internal validity
a descriptive, nonexperimental method of observing behaviors as they occur spontaneously in natural settings
naturalistic observation
the set of attitudes, values, beliefs, methods, and procedures that are generally accepted within a particular discipline at a certain point in time
paradigm
a special kind of field observation in which the researcher actually becomes part of the group being studied
participant-observer study
a nonexperimental method of gathering data by attending to and describing one’s own immediate experience
phenomenology
research that relies on words rather than numbers for the data being collected; it focuses on self-reports, personal narratives, and expression of ideas, memories, feelings, and thoughts
qualitative research
the tendency of subjects to alter their behavior or responses when they are aware of the presence of an observer
reactivity
data collected in the present based on recollections of past events; apt to be inaccurate because of faulty memory, bias, mood, and situation
retrospective data
a system for recording observations; each observation is recorded using specific rules or guidelines, so observations are more objective
systematic observation
a procedure used to assess subjects’ behavior without their knowledge; used to obtain more objective data
unobtrusive measure
