Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

General Bio 1106 > Ch. 30 Plant Form and Physiology > Flashcards

Ch. 30 Plant Form and Physiology Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

abscisic acid (ABA)

A

plant hormone that induces dormancy in seeds and other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ABSCISSION

A

physiological process that leads to the fall of a plant organ (such as leaf or petal drop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adventitious root

A

aboveground root that arises from a plant part other than the radicle of the plant embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

apical bud

A

bud formed at the tip of the shoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

apical meristem

A

meristematic tissue located at the tips of stems and roots; enables a plant to extend in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

auxin

A

plant hormone that influences cell elongation (in phototropism), gravitropism, apical dominance and root growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

axillary bud

A

bud located in the axil: the stem area where the petiole connects to the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bark

A

tough, waterproof, outer epidermal layer of cork cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bulb

A

modified underground stem that consists of a large bud surrounded by numerous leaf scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Casparian strip

A

waxy coating that forces water to cross endodermal plasma membranes before entering the vascular cylinder, instead of moving between endodermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chromophore

A

molecule that absorbs light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

collenchyma cell

A

elongated plant cell with unevenly thickened walls; provides structural support to the stem and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

compound leaf

A

leaf in which the leaf blade is subdivided to form leaflets, all attached to the midrib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

corm

A

rounded, fleshy underground stem that contains stored food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cortex

A

ground tissue found between the vascular tissue and the epidermis in a stem or root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

crypto chrome

A

protein that absorbs light in the blue and ultraviolet regions of the light spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cuticle

A

waxy protective layer on the leaf surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cytokinin

A

plant hormone that promotes cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dermal tissue

A

protective plant tissue covering the outermost part of the plant; controls gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endodermis

A

layer of cells in the root that forms a selective barrier between the ground tissue and the vascular tissue, allowing water and minerals to enter the root while excluding toxins and pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

epidermis

A

single layer of cells found in plant dermal tissue; covers and protects underlying tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ethylene

A

volatile plant hormone that is associated with fruit ripening, flower wilting, and leaf fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fibrous root system

A

type of root system in which the roots arise from the base of the stem in a cluster, forming a dense network of roots; found in monocots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gibberellin (GA)

A

plant hormone that stimulates shoot elongation, seed germination, and the maturation and dropping of fruit and flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ground tissue
plant tissue involved in photosynthesis; provides support, and stores water and sugars
26
guard cells
paired cells on either side of a stoma that control stomatal opening and thereby regulate the movement of gases and water vapor
27
intercalary meristem
meristematic tissue located at nodes and the bases of leaf blades; found only in monocots
28
jasmonates
small family of compounds derived from the fatty acid linoleic acid
29
lamina
leaf blade
30
lateral meristem
meristematic tissue that enables a plant to increase in thickness or girth
31
lenticel
opening on the surface of mature woody stems that facilitates gas exchange
32
megapascal (MPa)
pressure units that measure water potential
33
meristem
plant region of continuous growth
34
meristematic tissue
tissue containing cells that constantly divide; contributes to plant growth
35
negative gravitropism
growth away from Earth’s gravity
36
node
point along the stem at which leaves, flowers, or aerial roots originate
37
oligosaccharin
hormone important in plant defenses against bacterial and fungal infections
38
palmately compound leaf
leaf type with leaflets that emerge from a point, resembling the palm of a hand
39
parenchyma cell
most common type of plant cell; found in the stem, root, leaf, and in fruit pulp; site of photosynthesis and starch storage
40
pericycle
outer boundary of the stele from which lateral roots can arise
41
periderm
outermost covering of woody stems; consists of the cork cambium, cork cells, and the phelloderm
42
permanent tissue
plant tissue composed of cells that are no longer actively dividing
43
petiole
stalk of the leaf
44
photomorphogenesis
growth and development of plants in response to light
45
photoperiodism
occurrence of plant processes, such as germination and flowering, according to the time of year
46
phototropin
blue-light receptor that promotes phototropism, stomatal opening and closing, and other responses that promote photosynthesis
47
phototropism
directional bending of a plant toward a light source
48
phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaves on a stem
49
phytochrome
plant pigment protein that exists in two reversible forms (Pr and Pfr) and mediates morphologic changes in response to red light
50
pinnately compound leaf
eaf type with a divided leaf blade consisting of leaflets arranged on both sides of the midrib
51
pith
ground tissue found towards the interior of the vascular tissue in a stem or root
52
positive gravitropism
growth toward Earth’s gravitational center
53
primary growth
growth resulting in an increase in length of the stem and the root; caused by cell division in the shoot or root apical meristem
54
rhizome
modified underground stem that grows horizontally to the soil surface and has nodes and internodes
55
root cap
protective cells covering the tip of the growing root
56
root hair
hair-like structure that is an extension of epidermal cells; increases the root surface area and aids in absorption of water and minerals
57
root system
belowground portion of the plant that supports the plant and absorbs water and minerals
58
runner
stolon that runs above the ground and produces new clone plants at nodes
59
sclerenchyma cell
plant cell that has thick secondary walls and provides structural support; usually dead at maturity
60
secondary growth
growth resulting in an increase in thickness or girth; caused by the lateral meristem and cork cambium
61
sessile
leaf without a petiole that is attached directly to the plant stem
62
shoot system
aboveground portion of the plant; consists of non-reproductive plant parts, such as leaves and stems, and reproductive parts, such as flowers and fruits
63
sieve-tube cell
phloem cell arranged end to end to form a sieve tube that transports organic substances such as sugars and amino acids
64
simple leaf
leaf type in which the lamina is completely undivided or merely lobed
65
sink
growing parts of a plant, such as roots and young leaves, which require photosynthate
66
source
organ that produces photosynthate for a plant
67
statolith
also, amyloplast) plant organelle that contains heavy starch granules
68
stele
inner portion of the root containing the vascular tissue; surrounded by the endodermis
69
stipule
small green structure found on either side of the leaf stalk or petiole
70
stolon
modified stem that runs parallel to the ground and can give rise to new plants at the nodes
71
strigoractone
hormone that promotes seed germination in some species and inhibits lateral apical development in the absence of auxins
72
tap root system
type of root system with a main root that grows vertically with few lateral roots; found in dicots
73
tendril
modified stem consisting of slender, twining strands used for support or climbing
74
thigmomorphogenesis
developmental response to touch
75
thigmonastic
directional growth of a plant independent of the direction in which contact is applied
76
thigmotropism
directional growth of a plant in response to constant contact
77
thorn
modified stem branch appearing as a sharp outgrowth that protects the plant
78
trachield
xylem cell with thick secondary walls that helps transport water
79
translocation
mass transport of photosynthates from source to sink in vascular plants
80
trichome
hair-like structure on the epidermal surface
81
tuber
modified underground stem adapted for starch storage; has many adventitious buds
82
vascular bundle
strands of stem tissue made up of xylem and phloem
83
vascular stele
strands of root tissue made up of xylem and phloem
84
vascular tissue
tissue made up of xylem and phloem that transports food and water throughout the plant
85
transpiration
loss of water vapor to the atmosphere through stomata

General Bio 1106 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions