Ch 31 Amino Acid Synthesis

Question 1

Are amino acids stored?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Nitrogen fixing organisms?

Answer 2

diazotrophs

Question 3

Nitrogen fixing enzyme

Answer 3

Nitrogenase

Question 4

glutamine synthase

Answer 4

converts glutimate to glutamine through addition of another nitrogen group

Question 5

what provides carbon for amino acid synthesis?

Answer 5

intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway.

Question 6

aminotransferases

Answer 6

Transamination via transaminases involves removing amino group from glutamate to α-ketoacids

Question 7

Glutathione

Answer 7

Reductant
Conjugated with drugs to solubilize them
Reduce peroxides

Question 8

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficency

Answer 8

causes NADP shortage

Question 9

energy use of nitrogen?

Answer 9

none

Question 10

Path of N out of systerm

Answer 10

amino acid to glutamate to NH4 to urea

Question 11

enzymes for urea cycle

Answer 11

amino transferase removes amine from amino acid to glutamate, glutamate dehydrogenase removes amine group from glutamate

Question 12

Glutamate dehydrogenase location? why?

Answer 12

mitochondria, keep ammonia away from the rest of the cell

Question 13

Glutamate dehydrogenase regulation?

Answer 13

Allosterically regulated = inhibited by GTP and ATP; activated by GDP and ADP

Question 14

Urea synthesis location?

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

How are amino groups transfered to the liver?

Answer 15

by glutamine and alanine in the blood

Question 16

Where does most AA degradation occur?

Answer 16

mostly in liver, but some in muscle too

Question 17

glucose alanine cycle

Answer 17

transfers N from muscle to liver

• NH4 transfered to pyruvate to form alanine, alanine enters blood
• alanine enters liver, broken down to glutamate and pyruvate
• pyruvate converted to glucose, glucose travels to muscles via blood
• glucose converted to pyruvate, pyruvate +NH4 = alanine

Question 18

Glutamate dehydrogenase releases

Answer 18

ammonia
NADH
alpha ketoglutarate

Question 19

Primary means of nitrogen elimination for land-dwelling mammals?

Answer 19

Urea