Ch. 34

Question 1

female sex hormones

Answer 1

estrogen

progesteron

Question 2

Pituitary gonadotropin hormones

Answer 2

FSH, and LH

Question 3

Three major endogenous estrogens. Synthesized from cholesterol in ovarian follicles.

Answer 3

estradiol
estrone
estriol

Question 4

Synthetic, steroidal estrogen that is administered transdermally

Answer 4

estradiol

Question 5

Use to be used to decrease the risk of miscarriage. No longer available in the US because it often resulted in the female offspring developing cervical cancer later in life

Answer 5

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Question 6

Adverse Effects: nausea (most common), thrombotic events (most serious), HTN, diarrhea, edema, N/V, constipation, abd. pain, photosensitivity, and chloasma.

Answer 6

estrogens

Question 7

hydroxyprogesterone

Answer 7

progesterone

Question 8

medroxyprogesterone

Answer 8

progesterone

Question 9

megestrol

Answer 9

progesterone

Question 10

etonogestrel implant

Answer 10

progesterone

Question 11

Indications: uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance, fibroids, or uterine cancer. Tx of amenorrhea, miscarriage prevention, alleviation of PMS symptoms, and palliative Tx of some cancers.

Answer 11

progestone

Question 12

Can be used for management of anorexia, or other causes of unexplained weight loss by stimulating appetite and promote weight gain.

Answer 12

megestrol

Question 13

Adverse Effects: liver dsyfunction, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolitic disorders, N/V, edema, weight gain or loss.

Answer 13

progestin

Question 14

MOA: prevent ovulation by inhibiting the release of gonadotropins and increasing uterine mucous viscosity, resulting in, decreased sperm movement, decrease likelihood of fert., and possible inhibition of implantation.

Answer 14

contraceptives

Question 15

Adverse Effects: HTN, TE, possible PE, MI, stroke.

Answer 15

contraceptives (caused by the estrogen component)

Question 16

Drugs the decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Answer 16

ATBs, barbiturates, isoniazid, rifampin

* used to treat TB or prevent infection after a person has been exposed

Question 17

Risk factors: Caucasian/Asian descent, slender body build, early estrogen deficiency, smoking, alcohol consumption, low-calcium diet, sedenary lifestyle, family Hx.

Answer 17

osteoporosis

Question 18

Ca supplements and Vit. D may be recommended for PTs at high risk for ______.

Answer 18

osteoporosis

Question 19

alendronate

Answer 19

bisphosphates (Tx osteoporosis)

Question 20

ibandronate

Answer 20

bisphosphates (Tx osteoporosis)

Question 21

risedronate

Answer 21

bisphosphates (Tx osteoporosis)

Question 22

zoledronic acid

Answer 22

bisphosphates (Tx osteoporosis)

Question 23

raloxifene

Answer 23

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modifier (SERM)

Question 24

calcitonin

Answer 24

horomone

Question 25

teriparatide

Answer 25

PTH Analog

Question 26

MOA: Used to Tx osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclasts, thus preventing bone loss.

Answer 26

bisphosphonates

Question 27

MOA: Stimulate estrogen receptors on bone and increase bone density. (Tx osteoporosis)

Answer 27

SERMs

Question 28

MOA: directly inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption

Answer 28

calcitonin

Question 29

Only drug that stimulates bone formation. Is a derivative of PTH and acts similarly.

Answer 29

teriparatide

Question 30

Indications: Prevention and Tx of osteoporosis. Also used to Tx Paget's disease (type of breast cancer).

Answer 30

bisphoshonates

Question 31

Indications: Used to Tx postmenopausal osteoporosis

Answer 31

raloxifene (drug class: SERM)

Question 32

PT teaching: PT needs to stay upright for about 30 minutes after taking drugs in this class to decrease the risk of esophageal burns

Answer 32

bisphosphates

Question 33

clomiphene

Answer 33

fertility drug

Question 34

MOA: blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus and brain, resulting in a false signal of low estrogen levels. Therefore, increases production of Gn-RH, FSH, and LH, and results in maturation of ovarian follicles (--> ovulation, and increased chance of conception)

Answer 34

clomiphene

Question 35

Mixture of FSH and LH. Stimulates development of ovarian follicles, leading to ovulation. May be given to men to stimulate spermatogenisis.

Answer 35

meotropins

Question 36

Causes rupture and ovulaion of maure ovarian follicles, and maintenance of corpus luteum.

Answer 36

chorionic gonadotropin alfa

Question 37

Used to induce labor at or near full-term gestation, and to enhance labor when contractions are weak and ineffective. Also used to prevent or Tx postpartum bleeding, promote milk production, and complete an incomplete abortion.

Answer 37

oxytocin

Question 38

oxytocin

Answer 38

uterine stimulant

Question 39

dinoprostone

Answer 39

prostaglandins

Question 40

misoprostol

Answer 40

prostaglandins

Question 41

Used to induce labor by softening the cervix and enhancing uterine muscle tone.

Answer 41

prostaglandins

Question 42

MOA: Increase force and frequency of uterine contractions, preventing uterine atony and hemorrhage. should NOT be used before delivery.

Answer 42

Ergot Alkaloids

Question 43

methylergonovine

Answer 43

Ergot Alkaloid

Question 44

mifepristone

Answer 44

Progesterone Antagonist

Question 45

Administered with a prostaglandin for elective abortions

Answer 45

mifepristone

Question 46

Uterine relaxants are also known as ________.

Answer 46

Tocolytics

Question 47

used to stop labor that occurs before term.

Answer 47

Tocolytics (Uterine Relaxants)

Question 48

Contractions that occur between the ___ and ____ week of gestation is considered premature labor.

Answer 48

20th and 37th

Question 49

This beta-adrenergic drug stimulates beta2 receptors on the uterine smooth muscle and results in relaxation of the uterus.

Answer 49

terbutaline

Question 50

magnesium sulfate IV

Answer 50

uterine relaxant