Ch 34 - Coagulation Disorders Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

Phases of platelets (4)

A

adhesion
aggregation
secretion
cross-linked of adjacent platelets

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2
Q

Thrombogenesis (blood vessels)

A

vasocontriction
formation of platelets plugs
regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis

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3
Q

Blood coagulation (3 components)

A

extrinsic pathway
intrinsic pathway
thrombin activation

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4
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Tissue damage exposes tissue factor

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5
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

Platelets interact with damaged endothelium

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6
Q

thrombin activation

A

formation of fibrin clot

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7
Q

Virchow’s Triad

A

stasis (decreased BF)
hypercoagulability (blood clot are likely)
endothelial injury (damage of inside of blood vessel)

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8
Q

White thrombus

A

high-pressure arteries (abnormal endothelium)
arterial flow
fibrin formation
downstream ischemia

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9
Q

red thrombus

A

low-pressure veins
red cell around white thrombus
long tail
detachment
PE

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10
Q

DVT risk factors (inherited)

A

anti-thrombin III deficiency
Protein C & S deficiency
sickle cell anemia
activated protein C resistance

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11
Q

DVT risk factor (Acquired)

A

bedridden
surgery/trauma
obesity
estrogen use
malignancies
chronic venous insufficiency

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12
Q

regulation of coagulation (2 systems)

A

Fibrin inhibition
fibrinolysis

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13
Q

Protease inhibitors (4)

A

alpha 1 - antiprotease
alpha 2 - macroglobulin
alpha 2 - antiplasmin
antithrombin

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14
Q

Fibrinolytic system function:

A

-Convert (inactive) plasminogen to plasmin(active)

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15
Q

Thrombotic disease therapy

A

t-PA
urokinase
streptokinase

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16
Q

Aminocaproic Acid

A

protect clots from lysis

17
Q

What type of thrombus is associated with a high pressure vessel (i.e. artery)?

A

White Thrombus (No RBCs, just fibrin)

18
Q

What two factors are exposed by injury leading to platelet adherence & activation?

A

-Exposed Collagen
- Von Willebrand Factor

19
Q

What type of thrombus is associated with a low pressure vessel (i.e. vein)?

A

Red Thrombus (RBC + fibrin)

20
Q

What do platelets release that. causes local vasoconstriction?

21
Q

What type of thrombus would you expect to see associated with Coronary Artery Disease? Why?

A

White Thrombus (high pressure vessel, no RBCs)

22
Q

Detachment of Red thrombi typically leads to what complication?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

23
Q

DVT risk factors can be _________ and/or _________.

A

Inherited; acquired

24
Q

What are some examples of acquired DVT risk factors?

A

Bedbound
Surgery/trauma
Obesity
Estrogen use (birth control typical)
Malignancies

25
What common form of transportation is a risk factor for DVT formation? How is this prevented?
-Airplane flights -Getting up, stretching, flexing lower extremities.
26
What is DIC? Why does this occur? What results from this condition?
-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation -Completely used up blood clotting factors -Excessive spontaneous bleeding is the result.
27
What are four common causes of DIC? What are the treatments?
1.Massive tissue injury 2.Malignancy 3.Bacterial Sepsis 4. Abruptio Placentae Plasma transfusion & treatment of underlying cause.
28
What is the mortality of DIC?
10-50%
29
How is overcoagulation avoided by our body’s internal mechanisms?
Regulation of Coagulation via: - Fibrin Inhibition - Fibrinolysis
30
What enzyme converts plasminogen to plasmin? What is the purpose of this conversion?
- tPA (tissue Plasminogen Activator) - Plasmin actually breaks down the clot itself