Ch. 36 - The Skeleton And Muscles Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Functions of the skeleton include support, protection, movement, shape and manufacture of blood components.
How many bones does an adult human have?
206
What is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton consists of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
How many bones make up the different parts of the vertebrae?
From top to bottom:
7 vertebrae in the cervical region. 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region. 5 vertebrae in the lumbar region. 5 vertebrae in the sacrum and 4 vertebrae in the coccyx region.
What is the function of the discs in between vertebrae?
The discs act as shock absorbers and protect the vertebrae.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton is composed of the limbs (arms and legs), the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle.
What is the pectoral girdle?
The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula.
What is the pelvic girdle?
The pelvic girdle is composed of 2 halves of the hip joined to the sacrum.
What is the function of cartilage?
Cartilage protects bones as a shock absorber and allows friction free movement.
What is compact bone? What is its function?
Compact bone is made of bone-forming cells. Ca salts give compact bone its strength and protein gives it flexibility.
What is spongy bone? What is its function?
Spongy bone is similar to compact bone but it contains numerous hollows. Spongy bone makes blood cells and gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton.
What is an osteoblast?
An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell. They produce collagen.
What is a growth plate?
A growth plate is the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis in a long bone within which bone growth occurs.
What is an osteoclast?
An osteoclast is a bone digesting cell.
What is a joint?
A joint is where 2 or more bones meet.
What are immovable joints?
Immovable joints (sutures) include the skull and pelvic girdle. They provide strength, support and protection.
Give examples of slightly movable joints.
Upper vertebrae are connected by slightly movable joints. These ligaments limit the amount of movement possible in order to protects the nerves of the spinal chord.
What is synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid is produced in movable joints for lubrication and to reduce friction.
Give examples of synovial joints.
Ball and socket joints ( shoulder, hip), hinge joints (elbow, knee).
What is a ligament?
Ligaments are strong, fibrous, slightly elastic tissues that connect bone to bone.
What is a tendon?
A tendon is a strong, flexible, inelastic fibre that connects muscle to bone.
Arthritis
-cause
-symptoms
-prevention
-treatment
Arthritis is a skeletal disorder resulting from inflammation of a joint. Osteoarthritis is caused by cartilage in synovial joints wearing down. The underlying bones enlarge and more synovial fluid forms. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, caused by genetics.
Pain, stiffness, tenderness, loss of flexibility, grating sensation.
Wearing proper footwear, avoiding high impact exercise.
No cure. Rest, exercise, weight loss, anti-inflammatory medication, steroids, surgery.
What are the 3 types of muscles?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
What is skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscle is the only voluntarily controlled muscle. They move the body. They contract quickly but also tire easily.
