CH. 4

Question 1

what is the component of the solution that is present in the greatest quantity called

Answer 1

solvent

Question 2

solutions are made of what 2 things

Answer 2

solvent, solute

Question 3

any substance whose aqueous solutions contains ions and increases the conductivity of water is called an

Answer 3

eletrolyte

Question 4

any substance that forms a solution containing no ions is a

Answer 4

nonelectrolyte

Question 5

electrolytes that are present in solution entirely as ions are

Answer 5

strong electrolytes

Question 6

electrolytes that are present party as ions and partly as molecules

Answer 6

weak electrolytes

Question 7

ionic compounds dissociate into ions when they dissolve, making them

Answer 7

strong electrolytes

Question 8

most molecular compounds are

Answer 8

nonelectrolytes

Question 9

reactions in which cations and anions appear to exchange partners are called

Answer 9

exchange reactions (metathesis reactions)

Question 10

___ are proton donors (increase the concentration of H+ in aqueous solns)

Answer 10

acids

Question 11

___ are proton acceptors (increase the concentration of OH- in aqueous solns)

Answer 11

bases

Question 12

acids and bases that are strong electrolytes are called

Answer 12

strong acids, strong bases

Question 13

acids and bases that are weak electrolytes are called

Answer 13

weak acids, weak bases

Question 14

neutralization reactions between acid and metal hydroxide produce what 2 things

Answer 14

water, salt

Question 15

redox reactions between metals and acids as well as those between metals and salts are called

Answer 15

displacement reactions

Question 16

products of displacement reactions is always what 2 things

Answer 16

element, salt

Question 17

list of metals arranged in order of decreasing ease of oxidation

Answer 17

activity series

Question 18

what is the equation for molarity

Answer 18

number of moles of solute/liter of solution

Question 19

combining a solution of known concentration with a solution of unknown concentration to determine the unknown concentration or the quality of solute in the unknown

Answer 19

titration

Question 20

point of titration in which equivalent quantities of reactants are brought together

Answer 20

equivalence point

Question 21

helps stabilize the ions in a solution and prevents cations and anions from recombining

Answer 21

solvation

Question 22

all common ionic compounds of the alkali metal ions (group 1A) and of ammonium (NH4+) are

Answer 22

soluble

Question 23

what are 7 strong acids

Answer 23

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4

Question 24

what are some groups of strong bases

Answer 24

1A, 2A

Question 25

what are some groups of strong bases

Answer 25

1A, 2A (metal hydroxides)

Question 26

ionic=

Answer 26

strong electrolyte

Question 27

molecular=

Answer 27

acid or base?

Question 28

molecular=acid=

Answer 28

strong or weak electrolyte?

Question 29

any molecular substance that is not an acid is probably a

Answer 29

nonelectrolyte

Question 30

conversion of a metal into a metal compound by a reaction between the metal and some substance in its environment

Answer 30

corrosion

Question 31

when a metal corrodes, do they lose or gain electrons

Answer 31

lose

Question 32

for an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always

Answer 32

0

Question 33

for any monatomic ion, the oxidation number equals the

Answer 33

ionic charge

Question 34

nonmetals usually have____ oxidation numbers

Answer 34

negative

Question 35

the oxidation number of oxygen is usually

Answer 35

-2

Question 36

the oxidation number of hydrogen is usually ___ when bonded to nonmetals and ___ when bonded to metals

Answer 36

+1, -1

Question 37

the oxidation number of fluorine is

Answer 37

-1

Question 38

metals at the top of the table (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals) are most easily oxidized, they are called

Answer 38

active metals

Question 39

metal ad the bottom of the activity series (groups 8B and 1B) are very stable and form compounds less readily, they are called

Answer 39

noble metals

Question 40

any metal on the activity series can be ___ by the ions of elements below it

Answer 40

oxidized

Question 41

only ___ molecules dissociate

Answer 41

ionic

Question 42

equation for mass percentage

Answer 42

[mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)]x100

Question 43

equation for part per million (ppm)

Answer 43

[mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)]x10^6