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CH 4 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

stairs serve two purposes

pg 94

A

access to multiple levels of structure

means of egress

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2
Q

stairs that do not provide means of egress

pg 94

A

convenience stairs

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3
Q

Newel Post

pg 94

A

First baluster in stair railing

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4
Q

Types of stairs

(6)

pg 95

A

straight run
return
scissor
circular
folding
spiral

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5
Q

straight run stairs

pg 95

A

one direction for entire length

landings may be used between sections of vertical travel

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6
Q

return stairs

pg 95

A

intermediate landings between floors and reverse direction at this point

may have more than one landing where height between floors is greater than normal

common in modern construction

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7
Q

scissor stairs

pg 96

A

two sets of stairs constructed in common shaft

cheaper and more space efficient

usually in buildings with large floor to ceiling height

airports/malls/cinemas/convention centers

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8
Q

circular stairs

pg 96

A

grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels

minimum width of the run is 10 inches

small radius of full circle must be greater than or equal to twice the widest part of the stair tread

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9
Q

spiral stairs

pg 97

A

each treat is tapered and connects connects to the baluster at treads narrow end

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10
Q

folding stairs

pg 97

A

springs in folding stairs lose tension easily when exposed to heat

gas springs or struts may also be used

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11
Q

characteristics of protected stairs

(4)

pg 98

A

limited penetrations in the enclosure for light, fire protection and environmental control

required self or automatic closing fire rated doors

separation from the rest of the building

stairway vestibules

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12
Q

smoke proof stair enclosures

pg 99

A

building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one smoke proof stair enclosure for stairs serving buildings five stories or higher

codes also require protection for stairs serving floor levels more than 30 feet below the level of discharge

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13
Q

active fire protection

pg 99

A

moving mechanical or electrical parts that work as a system and require a power source for operation

automatic sprinkler systems/ fire alarm systems

also portable fire extinguishers (manual)

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14
Q

passive fire protection

pg 99

A

does not require any system activation or movement

relies on building construction and materials to contain fire or products of combustion

(fire walls/stair enclosures)

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15
Q

standard escalator speed

pg 101

A

100ft per minute

older escalators can be 90-120 ft per minute

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16
Q

fire protection for escalators serving more than two floors

pg 102

A

closely spaced sprinklers and draft stops around the opening

18 inch draft stop

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17
Q

types of elevators

pg 104

A

passenger elevators carry people

freight elevators carry resources that may be bulky or heavy

service elevators are passenger elevators also designed to carry freight

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18
Q

hydraulic elevators

pg 104

A

no brake. controlled by flow of water

typically serves 6 stories or less

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19
Q

electric elevator cables

pg 104

A

flat polyethylene coated steel belts increase energy efficiency

historically elevator cables have been conventional wire cables

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20
Q

four common styles of elevator

pg 104

A

drum - passenger use
traction - passenger use
machine room-less (MRL)- passenger use
dumbwaiters - cargo use

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21
Q

drum elevators

pg 105

A

use hoisting cable wound on a drum located in motor room directly over hoist way

car is connected to moving counterweights

height limitations due to size of drum

obsolete. only found in very old structures

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22
Q

traction elevators

pg 106

A

most common type of elevator in buildings above 6 stories

fast and have no height limitations

cables run over the drive sheave and down to connect to counterweights

Motor can be AC or DC

brake drum located on the shaft of the drive motor

spring operated brake shoe holds electromagnets away from drum

AC motors-brakes aid in stopping car

DC motors- motor stops the car and brakes hold it in place

power failure- electromagnets release and brake shoes forced against drum

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23
Q

passenger safety devices found in elevators

(5)

pg 108

Study These Flashcards
A

terminal device- electric switch that stops car before upper or lower limit of hoist way is reached

buffers- large springs or hydraulic cylinders and pistons at bottom of pit. not designed for free faling car

speed reducing switch- speed governor

overspeed switch- also connected to speed governor. activates if speed reducing switch fails to slow car sufficiently

car safeties- tapered pairs of steel jaws that wedge against the guide rails and bring elevator to stop. Designed to stop free falling car

24
Q

construction of hoistways

pg 109

Study These Flashcards
A

low rise- may be gypsum, concrete block or other easily penetrated material

tall reinforced concrete buildings- may be enclosed on 3 sides with poured concrete. wall that faces car doors concrete block. serves to harden entire building against wind load

25
hoist way fire rating pg 109
1-2 hours no wiring, ductwork or piping should be run within the hoist way unless it is required for the elevator itself
26
shear wall pg 110
wall panels that are braced against lateral loads used in elevator hoist ways built early in construction
27
number of elevators per hoist way pg 110
three or fewer may all be in 1. four or more must have 2. so fire does not compromise all elevator services
28
when more than one hoist way is provided how many elevators can be located in one hoist way ======================== pg 110
four. Elevators that share a hoist way are not usually separated
29
blind hoist ways ==================== pg 111
used for express elevators that serve the upper zones in taller buildings. no entrances to hoist way on floors between the main floor and the lowest floors served. if a single car hoist way is used access doors will be provided every 3 floors for rescue
30
elevator doors opening operation (4) pg 111
car doors and hoist way doors. usually designed to open together -when elevator stops at correct floor the driving vane attached to the car door hold the door open -as car door opens the vane strikes a roller that releases the hoist way door lock -car doors then push hoist way doors completely open -when the controller signals the doors to close, a weight forces the hoist way doors closed, driving vane moves away from the roller, and hoist way doors are relocked
31
Elevator emergency top exit ====================== pg 112
provided on all electric traction elevators may be on hydraulic depending on whether or not they have a manual lowering valve all can be opened from outside. some from inside as well ALL OPEN OUTWARD not required to have electrical interlocks that prevent car movement while exit is open
32
elevator emergency side exit ====================== pg 112
multiple elevator hoist ways all can be opened from outside where permanent handle is affixed locked on inside required to have electrical interlocks to prevent movement while exit is open may not be provided on hydraulic elevators where manual lowering valve is provided
33
refuse and laundry chutes ==================== pg 114
sprinklers are required at the top of the chute and in its termination room
34
pipe chases are for: ===================== pg 116
hot and cold potable water drain lines steam hot and chilled water for heating and AC sprinkler piping
35
duct detectors in fans criteria pg 118
typically provided for fans with capacities exceeding 2000 cubic feet per minute to stop these systems under fire conditions and minimize unwanted smoke movement
36
ways in which air filtration equipment filters air pg 118
filter electrostatic equipment both
37
refrigerants pg 119
halogenated refrigerants have been prohibited butane and propane can be used in their place
38
return air plenum in air ducts pg 119
unoccupied space within a building through which air flows back to the HVAC system
39
disadvantages of forced air systems (3) pg 120
pathways for communication of heat and smoke through a building penetrations of fire-rated assemblies that can destroy the integrity of the assembly dedicated use of substantial amounts of space
40
Forced air HVAC system in a multistory building ====================== pg 120
includes vertical ducts and a mechanical room code requires the HVAC ducts be enclosed in a fire rated shaft enclosure NFPA 90A requires the enclosure be rated 1 hour for buildings less than 4 stories 2 hour for buildings 4 story or higher
41
FSCS pg 123
Firefighters Smoke Control Station
42
Advantages to manual smoke control ======================= pg 124
elimination of system disruption due to false alarms and more specific system control the FSCS should have complete system monitoring capability
43
draft curtain/curtain board specifications ===================== pg 124
reduce dissipation of heated air currents from a fire and increase speed of operation of vents depth will vary should not be less than 20% of the ceiling height spaced so they are not farther apart than 8 times the ceiling height
44
smoke towers require: (3) pg 125
location on the periphery of floor plan dedicated floor space in building corridor access to stairwell
45
single injection pressurized stairwell pg 126
will not function properly if a door in the stairwell is opened close to the air supply
46
multiple injection pressurized stairwell pg 126
more uniformed flow of air. pressure must be high enough to to prevent flow of smoke into stairwell but low enough to allow occupant access
47
high voltage equipment vs low voltage pg 128
high- 600V or higher low-less than 600V
48
transformer definition pg 128
converts high voltage electricity from the electric utility service to an appropriate voltage for building system use
49
voltage supply to buildings pg 128
may range as high as thousands of volts most common voltage delivered via transformers to medium and large buildings is carried via 3 phase 208/120V transformers
50
2 most common cooling methods for transformers pg 129
air (dry) and oil
51
air cooled transformers (dry) pg 129
electric utility supplies many buildings with 480/277V services traditional is 120/240V used at 480V by HVAC equipment/refrigeration/motors used at 277 by light fixtures and ballasts common buildings that use it are: schools, medical facilities, strip malls, factories, big box stores step down to 120V for office equipment, table lamps, household appliances by transformers around the building
52
oil cooled transformers ===================== pg 129
oil provides electrical insulation must have dielectric (non conducting) properties older oils used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)- must be labeled when located in the building they are usually at or near grade **transformer rooms or vaults must have 3 hour fire rating with no sprinklers 1 hour with sprinklers**
53
Generators pg 130
engine driven, using gasoline, diesel, propane or natural gas internal combustion engine codes specify minimum required fuel storage for diesel or gasoline driven generators 2-8 hours up to 48 hrs for hospital or other critical facilities
54
day tanks for fuel for generators pg 130
60 gallons for diesel same room or mounted on tank otherwise fuel must be kept separate
55
types of batteries found in and on buildings: (4) pg 131
batteries used for systems associated with the primary use of the building small uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) containing led acid batteries near FAP, under desks, next to computers battery charging room for battery powered vehicles: storage, manufacturing, golf clubhouses cellular equipment with independent battery backup systems hosted on taller buildings

BC (6 decks)

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