CH 4 Flashcards
(15 cards)
__________ is damage produced by the fire and smoke.
primary damage
pg 93
_______ is damage that results from fighting the fire and/or leaving the property unsecured.
secondary damage
pg 93
The purpose of all preincident planning including that for _________, is to increase incident safety, efficiency, and effectiveness.
loss control
pg 94
Using a _________________ can increase the likelihood of a successful outcome on the fireground.
systematic preincident planning process
pg 94
____________ is usually accomplished through an ongoing program of preincident planning surveys.
risk identification
pg 95
Once a building has been surveyed and the loss control risks have been identified and evaluated, the information and conclusions should be translated into _________ or __________ plans.
operational; contingency
pg 97
Intermittent application of water fog to the hot-gas layer will help cool walls and ceilings without disrupting the
thermal balance
pg 99
When smoke level rises as a result of gas cooling, water can then be applied to the
burning materials
pg 100
Truck company personnel can help to limit primary damage by performing timely _________ or _________ in a planned and coordinated manner.
horizontal; vertical ventilation
pg 100
A strong respiratory irritant produced when polyethylene is heated and when items containing cellulose, such as wood and other natural materials smolder. It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and tear gas.
Acrolein (CH2 = CHCHO)
pg 104
A colorless but very pungent and irritating gas given off in the thermal decomposition of materials containing chlorine such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other plastics.
hydrogen chloride
pg 104
A colorless gas with a characteristic almond odor. Twenty times more toxic than CO, it is an asphyxiant and can be absorbed through the skin. _____ is produced in the combustion of natural materials such as wool and silk, which contain nitrogen. It is also produced when polyurethane foam and other plastics that contain urea burn. The concentrated bulk chemical is also used in electroplating.
hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
pg 104
A colorless, odorless, and nonflammable gas produced in free-burning fires. While it is nontoxic, _________ can asphyxiate by excluding the oxygen from a confined space. It is also a respiratory accelerant that can increase the intake of the other gases.
carbon dioxide (CO2)
pg 104
Two toxic and dangerous gases liberated in the combustion of pyroxylin plastics. Because ______ readily converts to ________ in the presence of oxygen and moisture, Nitrogen dioxide is a pulmonary irritant that can also have a delayed systematic effect. The vapors and smoke from the oxides of nitrogen have a reddish brown or copper color.
nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2)
pg 104
A highly toxic, colorless gas with a disagreeable odor of musty hay. It may be produced when refrigerants, such as Freon, contact flame. __________ can be expected in fires in cold-storage facilities or in fires involving heavy-duty HVAC systems. It is a strong pulmonary irritant, the full harmful effect of which is not evident for several hours after exposure.
phosgene (CCI2O)
pg 104
