Ch 4 Flashcards
(27 cards)
• Governor James Murray
o 1st Governor General after Treaty of Par
o Wanted no French culture
o Too aggressive
• Guy Carleton
o Now in charge
o Wanted to get rid of oppressive laws
o Canadiens should keep culture
o Created Quebec Act
• Quebec Act
o Bored extended west to include fur territory
o French civil law permitted: Property, contracts,
Still in Quebec
o Catholics can hold political office
o Catholic Churches can own property, collect tithes
o No land is taken away from French owners
• Loyalist
o Treaty of Paris: Ended war
o British controlled the 13 colonies o American War of Independence o USA created 1776 o British lost o Ended war
• Proclamation of 1763
All land west of Quebec =1st Nations land
Land in Quebec not taken
French take Serment du Test to participate in government
Oath to be anglican
Assimilate French
o Conscientious Objectors
o Would not fight for religious reasons
• Constitutional Act
o Divided colony of Quebec into: o Upper Canada = Ontario o Lower Canada = Quebec o 3 Objectives: o Justify division of Quebec o Favours British in Upper Canada o Ease Burden on treasury: o Give reserve lands o Clergy reserves: Land set aside to support protestant. Church expenses o Crown reserves: Land set aside to pay for government expenses
o Clergy reserves:
oCrown reserves:
o Land set aside to support protestant. Church expenses
o Land set aside to pay for government expenses
o 3-Governor General:
o Appointed by Crown o Veto assembly laws o In charge of: Defence, law, upholding free enterprise o Free Enterprise= Capitalist economy regulates itself with little government intervention o 4-Council o Appointed by Governor o 12 men o Local advisors o Oligarchy: Form of government. All power with few people o 5-Legislative Assembly: o Elected by land owners o Representative o Vetoed=not responsible o Approves governor’s budget
o Free Enterprise
o Capitalist economy regulates itself with little government intervention
o Oligarchy:
o Form of government. All power with few people
Impressment:
British board US ships and forced US sailors into British military service
o British Sir Isaac Brock
Enhanced defence Made 1st nations allies Wanted a bold strike first: Fire people up Quick + bloodless capture of key post Detroit surrendered Gave British control of Michigan
o Lundy’s Lane
o Niagara Falls o Bloodiest battle of war o Fought in dark o Exhausted troops o Ended in stalemate o British burn Washington
o Treaty of Ghent:
o Peace treaty
o Rush-Bagot Convention, 1817
Demilitarized BNA-USA border
o Chateau Clique:
o Family Compact:
o Lower Canada
o Upper Canada
• Lord Durham Report
o British alarmed at rebellions
o Appoint Lord Durham as Governor General
o Investigate rebellions
o Saw two warring nations in single state
o Solution: Assimilate French with a single colony
o Uniting = French disappearing
o William Lyon Mackenzie
o Leader o Created newspaper --> Colonial Advocate o Criticized elite o Murder attempts o Elected to assembly o Wanted to abolish clergy reserves o Sell land and use money for education o Lower Canada rebellion served as example o Toured country side o Some violence o Needed to overthrow government o Planned city hall capture o Marched to Toronto (York) o Had pitchforks and clubs o Shot at o Fled o Mackenzie and leaders to USA o Attempt to invade but failed
o Louis Joseph Papineau
Lower canada
o Created Parti Patriotes: French, Farmers
o Speak of Assembly
o Le Canadien newspaper
o Wanted
o Responsible government
o Change patronage: Gov appoints people who helped them
o Britain says no colonial government change
o Papineau: “our true allies are on the other side of the 45th parallel”
o Called “treasonous instigator”
o Minor conflicts in Montreal
o Street fight leads to British troops
o Papineau goes to rural towns
o Seen as attempt to get them in rebellion
o British troops march to St. Denis
o Rebels win
o Rebels lose at St. Eustache
o Papineau did not want rebellion
o Fled to USA
o 6 battles total
• Act of Union
o United Upper and Lower Canada o Province of United Canada o Canada West + Canada East o Capital in Kingston o English == official language
Upper Canada
o Ruling elite vs Reformers o Ruling elite: o Stressed order + tradition o Society led by well born + educated o Most people not capable of ruling themselves o Democracy = mob rule
• Standard British Colonial Gov
1-Crown: Divine right but limited powers
o Limited Monarchy: Limited by laws and constitution
o 2-British Parliament
o 3-Governor General:
o Appointed by Crown
o Veto assembly laws
o In charge of: Defence, law, upholding free enterprise
o Free Enterprise= Capitalist economy regulates itself with little government intervention
o 4-Council
o Appointed by Governor
o 12 men
o Local advisors
o Oligarchy: Form of government. All power with few people
o 5-Legislative Assembly:
o Elected by land owners
o Representative
o Vetoed=not responsible a
o Approves governor’s budget
- War of 1812-1814
* Causes:
o 1: British blocked US trade to Europe
o 2: Impressment: British board US ships and forced US sailors into British military service
o 3: USA Gov: Bring all of NA into union
o Strike while Britain at war in Europe
o USA vs BNA: 1 united country vs 6 colonies
o Easy to take BNA:
o BNA would like invasion
o Retaliate for economic distress
o President Madison
o Declared war on Britain
