ch 4 & 5 Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
bi-
A
twice, double, two
2
Q
clon/o
A
violent action
3
Q
dys-
A
bad, difficult, or painful
4
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia, fibrous band
5
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous tissue, fiber
6
Q
-ia
A
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -lum
7
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
8
Q
kines/o, kinesi/o
A
movement
9
Q
-lysis
A
to set free, break down
10
Q
my/o
A
muscle
11
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis, stroke
12
Q
tax/o
A
coordination, order
13
Q
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
A
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
14
Q
ton/o
A
tone, stretching, tension
15
Q
tri-
A
three
16
Q
abduction
A
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body
17
Q
adduction
A
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body
during adduction, the limb moves inward the side of the body
18
Q
adductor
A
a muscle that moves a body part toward the midline
19
Q
hyperextension
A
the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
ex. movement of the head far back or far forward beyond the normal range of motion causes hyperextension of the muscles of the neck
20
Q
circumduction
A
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
ex. the swinging motion of the far end of the arm
21
Q
dorsiflexion
A
the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
pointing the toes and foot upward decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg
22
Q
oblique
A
slanted or at an angle
ex. the external oblique and internal oblique muscles have a slanted alignment
23
Q
transverse
A
in a crosswise direction
ex. transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen which has a crosswise alignment
24
Q
fasciitis
A
inflammation of a fascia
note the double ii that results from the suffix -itis being added to the root word fasci
25
tendinosis
a chronic condition of a tendon characterized by pain due to repetitive overuse or an injury that has not healed
26
adhesion
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery
27
atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
28
dystonia
a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles
29
ataxia
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
30
contarcture
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibers
the most common causes are scarring or the lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity
31
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
due to poor circulation and is associated with peripheral vascular disease
32
intermittent
coming and going at intervals
33
claudication
limping
34
myoclonus
the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
may occur normally as a person is falling asleep or as the jerks, shakes, or spasms resulting from a neurological disorder such as epilepsy, a metabolic condition, or a response to medication
35
clonus
a repetitive contraction of the muscles of the knees or ankles associated with cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological conditions
36
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
37
condyle
refers to the round prominence at the end of a bone
38
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
opposite of tenodesis
39
angi/o
blood or lymph vessel
40
aort/o
aorta
41
arteri/o
artery
42
ather/o
plaque, fatty substance
43
brady-
slow
44
cardi/o
heart
45
-crasia
a mixture or blending
46
-emia
blood, blood circulation
47
erythr/o
red
48
hem/o, hemat/o
blood, relating to the blood
49
leuk/o
white
50
phleb/o
vein
51
tachy-
fast, rapid
52
thromb/o
clot
53
ven/o
vein
54
pericardium
the double-walled membraneous sac that encloses the heart
aka pericardial sac
55
membraneous
pertaining to the membrane which is a thin layer of pliable tissue that covers or encloses a body part
56
mitral valve
located between the left atrium and left ventricle
mitral means shaped like a bishop's mitre (hat)
aka bicuspid valve because bicuspid means having two cups (points) which describes the shape of this valve
57
hemoglobin
oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes
58
atherosclerosis
hardening and narrowing of the arteries causes by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries
59
cardiomyopathy
the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle
60
bradycardia
an abnormally slow resting heart rate
term is usually applied to a heartbeat rate of less than 60 bpm
can occur when the passage of electricity from top to bottom of the heart is partially or totally blocked
opposite of tachycardia
61
temporal arteritis
caused by inflammation of the temporal arteries supplying blood to the head and brain
symptoms include headaches, double vision, and jaw pain
causes unilateral or bilateral blindness, and more rarely, a stroke
aka giant cell arteritis
62
aneurysm
a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery
rupture of an aneurysm can be fatal because of the rapid loss of blood
named for the artery involved such as aortic aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and thoracic aortic aneurysm
63
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
aka thrombophlebitis because the walls of the vein are often infiltrated and a clot (thrombus) formed
usually occurs in a superficial vein
64
varicose veins
abnormally swollen veins that occur in the superficial veins of the legs
occurs when the valves in these veins do not function properly, so blood pools in the veins causing them to enlarge
65
thrombus
a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein
66
leukopenia
a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood
aka low white blood cell count
places the patient at an increased risk of developing or having difficulty fighting injections
67
thrombocytopenia
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
because these cells help the blood to clot, this condition is sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding
68
cholesterol
a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body
aids in the production of cell membranes, some hormones, and vitamin D
some come from dietary sources, some created by the liver
excessively high levels of certain types can lead to heart disease
69
aplastic anemia
characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
70
anemia
a low red blood cell count
leads to fatigue and weakness
71
leukopenia
a low white blood cell count causes an increased risk of infection
72
thrombosytopenia
a low platelet count
results in bleeding especially from mucous membranes and skin
73
pernicious anemia
caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract
vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of rbc's
74
electrocardiogram
a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium
75
diuretic
administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
these medications are administered to treat hypertension and heart failure by reducing the amount of fluid circulating in the blood
76
thrombolytic
dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up
the use of these drugs to break up a thrombus is called thrombolytic therapy
aka clot-busting drug
