Ch 4

Question 1

Psychotropic illness

Answer 1

Alteration of neurotransmitters

Question 2

Goals of psychiatric mental health

Answer 2

Understand biological basis of normal and abnormal brain functions

Apply understanding go care of individuals treated with psychotropic drugs

Question 3

Functions of brain

Answer 3

Homeostasis
ANS and hormones
Biological drives and behavior
Cycle of sleep and wakefulness
Circadian rhythms 
Conscious mental activity
Memory
Social skills

Question 4

Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Answer 4

Perceptual, cognitive, emotional, behavioral functions

Evidence of metabolic changes in unmedicated individuals with depression, schizo, OCD

Question 5

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 5

Cognitive function

Effects of psychotropic medications

Question 6

Neurotransmission

Answer 6

Feature of neurons and ability to initiate signals

Conduct electrical impulses

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

Decrease: Parkinson’s, depression

Increase: schizo, mania

Question 8

Norepinephrine

Answer 8

Decrease: depression

Increase:anxiety states

Question 9

Serotonin

Answer 9

Decrease: depression

Increase: anxiety

Question 10

Histamine

Answer 10

High levels associated with anxiety and depression

Question 11

Gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA)

Answer 11

Decrease: anxiety, schizo, mania, Huntington chorea

Increase: reduction of anxiety, schizo, mania

Question 12

Glutamate

Answer 12

Major mediator of excitatory signals in CNS

Cognition, memory, learning

Question 13

Acetylcholine

Answer 13

Decrease: Alzheimer’s, Huntington chores, Parkinson’s

Increase: depression

Question 14

Neurotransmitters (Peptides-Neuromodulators)

Answer 14

Substance P

Somatostatin

Neurotensin

Question 15

Substance P

Answer 15

Regulation of mood and anxiety

Pain management

Question 16

Somatostatin

Answer 16

Decrease: Alzheimer’s

Increase:Huntington’s

Question 17

Neurotensin

Answer 17

Decrease levels in spinal fluid of patients with schizo

Question 18

Psychotropic drugs

Answer 18

Anti anxiety hypnotics 
Antidepressant
Mood stabilizers
Anti-convulsants
Anti-psychotics
ADHD Agents
Alzheimer agents
Herbal treatments

Question 19

Monoamines

Answer 19

Organic

Catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)

Indolamines (serotonin)

Question 20

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Answer 20

Enzyme destroys monoamines

Question 21

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) action

Answer 21

Increase concentration of monoamines by inhibiting action of MAO

Question 22

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) drugs

Answer 22

phenelzine (Nardil)

tranylcypromineb(Parnate)

EMSAM transdermal

Question 23

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 23

Tyramine ingested in OTC meds, beer, wine, aged cheese, organ meats, avocados

No tyramine 2 weeks after stopping MAOIs

Question 24

Pharmocokinetic

Answer 24

Effects of drugs on plasma concentrations

Question 25

Pharmacodynamic

Answer 25

Combined effects of drugs

Question 26

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs): bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Answer 26

Do not act on serotonin system Inhibit nicotine acetylcholine receptors to reduce addictive effects

Question 27

Serotonin antagonists reuptake inhibitors (SARIs): Trazadone (Desyrel)

Answer 27

Not first choice Useful for insomnia Can cause priapism

Question 28

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs): Atomoxetine (strattera)

Answer 28

ADHD when stimulants not tolerated Not significant to antidepressant benefits

Question 29

Anti anxiety

Answer 29

Diazepam (Valium) Clonazepam (klonopin) Alprazolam (Xanax)

Question 30

Insomnia

Answer 30

Flurazepam (dalmane) Triazolam (Halcoin)

Question 31

Benzodiazepines

Answer 31

Promote activity of GABA by binding to specific receptor of GABAa

Question 32

buspirone (Buspar)

Answer 32

Anxiolytics with less potential for dependence

Question 33

Z-hypnotics action

Answer 33

Nonbenzo Short acting Sedative and hypnotic sleep agent

Question 34

Z-hypnotics drugs

Answer 34

Zolpidem (ambien) Zaleplon (sonata) Eszopiclone (lunesta)

Question 35

Melatonin receptor agonist

Answer 35

Ramelteon (rozerem) Acts similar to melatonin Helps regulate circadian rhythms

Question 36

Mood stabilizers drugs

Answer 36

Lithium (eskalith, lithobid)

Question 37

Lithium (eskalith, lithobid)

Answer 37

Stabilize depression and mania (bipolar disorder) Narrows therapeutic index Potential for toxicity Toxic Effects: tremor, ataxia, confusion, convulsions, N/V

Question 38

Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers

Answer 38

Valproate (depakote/ depakene) Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Iamotrogine ( lamictal)

Question 39

Valproate (depakote/ depakene)

Answer 39

Very effective in managing impulsive aggression

Question 40

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Answer 40

Acute mania

Question 41

Iamotrogine ( lamictal)

Answer 41

Maintenance therapy Watch for rash (Stevens Johnson’s )

Question 42

Off-label mood stabilizers

Answer 42

Oxcarbazepine (trileptal) Gabapentin (neurotin) Topiramate (topamax)