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MCFC Theories > Ch. 4-7 > Flashcards

Ch. 4-7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Adlerians 7 Cs

A

cooperation, contribution, caring, connectedness, courage, confidence, competence

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2
Q

ethical principles (6)

A 
autonomy (respect for freedom and dignity of each person)
beneficence (do good)
nonmaleficence (do no harm)
fidelity (responsibility to maintain trust in the therapeutic relationship. faithfulness to clients, promises made, and the truth)
justice (fairness)
and veracity (implementation of truthfulness)
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3
Q

principle ethics - definition

A

emphasizes actions and choices based on predetermined values. “What should be done?”

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4
Q

3 aspects of professional work

A

virtue (goodness), professional and ethical codes, and legal conduct

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5
Q

virtue ethics - definition

A

emphasizes on the character traits of individuals or the profession “What kind of person shall the family practitioner be?”; virtue ethics is learned – but is it teachable?

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6
Q

participatory ethics - definition

A

invites families to be co-contributors to the ethical decision-making process in family practice (a postmodern approach); client input is viewed as “expert” in terms of how they experience and live their lives, and practitioner “expertness” is related to leadership of the therapeutic process; attends to the marginalized

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7
Q

critical-evaluative model

A

developed by Kitchener (1984) based on the ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, nonmalficence, justice, fidelity, veracity) - thus principle ethics

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8
Q

which code of ethics requires counselors to use an ethical decision-making?

A

ACA Code of Ethics

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9
Q

most professional codes are based on what type of ethics?

A

principle ethics. although there are some aspirational statements in codes that pertain to virtue ethics.

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10
Q

questions to ask oneself when using a virtue ethics model

A

what is my “gut” saying? what choice am I willing to live with? do I agree with what the codes suggest to do in this situation?

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11
Q

feminist ethical decision-making model

A

by Rave and Larsen (1995) + later Coale (1998) - model for vulnerable therapist. retains much of the structure of a rational-evaluative process and still requires self-reflection. However, doesn’t leave ethical decision completely to the therapist - includes knowledge from active involvement of clients in the decision-making process.

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12
Q

which ethical decision-making model includes a final step of continuing reflection on the decision, including asking what the counselor has learned from the process?

A

feminist ethical decision-making model

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13
Q

most common ethical dilemmas in MFT

A

confidentiality, multiple clients (conceptualizing the client - a family rather than an individual), informed consent, gender and multicultural issues

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14
Q

what laws/policies go against conceptualizing the client as the family?

A
  • IAMFC suggests that clients only get records that pertain to them individually without authorization
  • HIPAA requires each individual have their own records, notes, consent, etc.
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15
Q

limits to confidentiality in MFT

A
  • counselor can’t guarantee that members won’t disclose private information outside of the session (like in group counseling)
  • weakening or removing legal benefit of privileged communication as there is another person in the room
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16
Q

IAMFC rules on family secrets

A

IAMFC both says that MFCs keep disclosures from individual sessions secret. However, it also says that MFCs do not “maintain family secrets… [that] contribute to dysfunctional family system dynamics”. This means that the codes support individual confidentiality, but only if such actions do not contribute to maintaining unhealthy family dynamics.

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17
Q

legal requirements for practice of MFT and certification requirements for various professional boards are often…

A

the same or very similar

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18
Q

MFT regulations are based on… which reflect…

A

MFT regulations are based on principle ethics, which reflect the dominant community standards of the state or organization enacting them

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19
Q

5 purposes of a code of ethics

A
  • protects the public (clients)
  • protects members of a profession
  • provides self-regulation for members
  • provides guidance in decision-making
  • enhances the identity of the profession
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20
Q

what type of therapy “could provide a bridge between individual and family therapies”?

A

object relations therapy

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21
Q

according to object relations therapy, every drive or need has…

A

a source (physiological), an impetus (pressure or strength of the drive), an aim (reduction of tension) and an object (the child’s internal image of what or who will satisfy the need)

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22
Q

Melanie Klein is associated with which theory and what concepts?

A

object relations; projection (attaching internal feelings with an external object), introjection (absorbing internally what is perceived in the outside world); splitting (separating self and feelings into “good” and “bad”)

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23
Q

depressive position

A

child’s ego is increasingly able to relate to whole, external objects rather than part objects

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24
Q

W. R. D. Fairbairn is associated with which theory and what concepts?

A

object relations; the child internalizes the “bad” aspects as part of the child’s self, leaving the outside object to remain “good”. This creates a conflict within the child – the child has no choice but to repress the internalized bad object within himself.

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25
D. W. Winnicott is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; facilitating or holding environment - an environment in which the relationship between mother and child creates an environment for growth. When it is good enough, the child grows and matures. Concept of the "good enough" mother
26
Margaret S. Mahler is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; psychological birth; symbiosis, normal autism, normal symbiosis, separation/individuation (w/ 4 phases: differentiation and body image, practicing, rapprochement, and emotional object consistency/individuality
27
Stephen A. Mitchell is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; growth is continuous (no stages) and depends on transactional patterns rather than attachment; psychopathology refers to being stuck in a maladaptive relational matrix, when people aren't authentic with one another;
28
Harry Stack Sullivan is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; concept of "significant other", theory of Self as a mental configuration of personality traits, individuals always function within relationships, proto- and para-taxic distortions (no cause an effect, faulty cause and effect reasoning); parataxical integrations (two people are reactive to one another's judgments)
29
John Bowlby is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; children need attachment to a single, constant object (usually the mother), and mothers need it too; maternal deprivation hypothesis (children denied the bond turn into psychopaths, delinquent, depressed, reduced intelligence, other mental disorders)
30
Alan Schore is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; used neuroscience to extend the work of Bowlby and other attachment theorists; right brain develops as a result of child/caregiver attachment, and therapy can facilitate maturation and growth through tapping into the right brain development emotionally; adult child needs to mirror the relationship with mother with a therapist
31
David and Jill Scharff is associated with which theory and what concepts?
object relations; partners choose another on conscious and unconscious levels (each partner meets a repressed need for the other); problems occur in the family when projections in the individual are made on other members of the family (e.g., children).
32
who used a garden metaphor to describe the goals of object relations family therapy?
David and Jill Scharff
33
What is the goal of object relations therapy?
to help individual family members reintegrate their projections into themselves in order to keep them from affecting the family unit
34
what are some first techniques object relations family therapists use in counseling?
first considerations (how the family enters the room, who sits where), analysis of resistance (ways in which an individual speaks for the whole family, work with it, not against), enlarging the field of participation (encouraging all points of view - ask the teen)
35
what is a main technique of object relations therapists?
interpretations; sharing an understanding about an individual, family process, or family interaction with the family for consideration
36
because clause
(object relations therapy) a proposal for why things are the way they are. invite the family to join in seeking to establish the because clause. (e.g., "Now we see that you did X because you wanted X from your partner")
37
holding environment
(object relations therapy) conceptual place in which family members feel safe and attachment needs and conditions for growth can be met
38
transference
(object relations therapy) process in which clients assign repressed feelings and faulty connections to the therapist
39
counter-transference
(object relations therapy) projection of therapist's feelings onto a client
40
insight
(object relations therapy) new understanding of feelings, behaviors, and family patterns
41
what is the therapist's role and function in object relations therapy?
make the unconscious conscious, help family develop insight, model a safe holding environment
42
what do object relations therapists consider "techniques"?
more of a way of working, for example "working through" (getting beyond resistance. interpretations, over time, allow client to absorb the nonjudgmental acceptance of the therapist) and "working in the here and now" (tracking emotions and behaviors happening in-session)
43
behavioral interpretation
(object relations therapy) therapists model some behavior to provide an understanding without words, (e.g., getting down and playing with a child)
44
who was the first psychiatrist to do family therapy?
Alfred Adler!
45
recognition reflex
(Adlerian family therapy - Dreikurs) therapists make a tentative goal-disclosure and look for a little smile and twinkling in the eye when the true purpose has been revealed
46
according to Adlerian Family Therapy, all behavior is...
goal-driven and purposeful
47
family value
(Adlerian family therapy) a value that both parents maintain and support
48
birth order
(Adlerian family therapy) 5 birth positions: only (high achievement, never dethroned, forced to take a stand for or against parents' value system) oldest (like being first/on top, perfectionists) second-of-only-two (extremely focused on the oldest, may do the exact opposite) middle (feel out, suffering by comparison) youngest (babies, may seek pampering, may outshine all others)
49
4 goals of children's misbehavior
(Adlerian Family Therapy - Dreikurs) bad behaviors are due to children's motivations: attention-getting power struggle revenge demonstration of inadequacy (aka assumed disability)
50
what 3 additional goals of children's misbehavior did Bitters add?
getting, self-elevation, and avoidance
51
what are the 5 life tasks?
``` (Adlerian Family Therapy): friendship love work self-acceptance spirituatlity ```
52
personality priorities
(Adlerian Family Therapy) understanding self and others by looking at how one strives for belonging
53
mistaken goals
(Adlerian Family Therapy) when family members are not able to achieve their goal of belonging, they turn to mistaken goals
54
according to Adlerian Family Therapy, all people strive for...
belonging
55
according to Adlerian Family therapy, parents should be...
the leaders of the family
56
What was Adler's type of parenting called?
authoritative-responsive parenting or democratic child-rearing
57
open-forum family counseling
(Adlerian Family Therapy) public therapy process; audience often gets more out of it than the family participating
58
family atmosphere
(Adlerian Family Therapy) the climate of relationships that exist in the family; a model for how we expect life and the world to be. the parent relationship is the clearest indication
59
the goals of Adlerian Family therapy
(1) engage parents in a collaborative assessment and learning experience (2) help parents function as family leaders (3) motivation modification -- help the family develop changes to replace mistaken goals with functional interactions
60
early recollection
(Adlerian Family Therapy) exploring memories of experiences between birth and age 9; why do you remember that experience?
61
lifestyle assessment
(Adlerian Family Therapy) understand an individual's perception of self by exploring (1) life tasks - how we handle friendship, occupation, and intimacy (2) private logic (individual's unique perception of self and others
62
family constellation
(Adlerian Family Therapy) the family system, consisting of parents, children, and extended family members
63
problem descriptions and goal identification
(Adlerian Family Therapy) exploring a problem to understand a negative interaction pattern and mistaken goals
64
typical day
(Adlerian Family Therapy) reveals repeated patterns of interaction and how family members meet their immediate goals
65
child interview and goal disclosure
(Adlerian Family Therapy) "Do you know why you..."; "That's possible. Could it be that you..." and look for the recognition reflex
66
reorientation
(Adlerian Family Therapy) most families merely need to be redirected toward a more useful path
67
reframing and normalizing family experiences
(Adlerian Family Therapy) support development of hope
68
sibling position
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) based on Toman's model, fixed positions, about power/gender, believed would predict marriage happiness (e.g., worst pairing would be oldest brother of brothers and oldest sister of sisters)
69
goals of multigenerational family therapy
(1) lessening of anxiety and symptom relief (2) increase in each family member's level of differentiation of the self
70
differentiation of self
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) psychological separation of intellect and emotion; guided by your thoughts rather than emotion; able to accept personal responsibility
71
undifferentiated self
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) low degree of autonomy, emotionally reactive, unable to take a position on issues - emotionally react (i.e., pseudo-self)
72
individuation
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) psychological maturity, the lifelong process of becoming your own person
73
emotional cutoff
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) managing unresolved issues by cutting off emotional contact with family members
74
family projection process
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) process in which parents transmit emotional problems to the child (e.g., increased need for approval)
75
the therapist's role and function in Multigenerational Family Therapy
self-awareness; coaching; moving away from emotional reactivity; construct your own family diagrams (genograms); visit family-of-origin to become a keen observer of your family's processes; visit families in times of high tension and don't engage in old triangulation patterns; develop relationships with as many family members as possible
76
relationship experiments
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) behavioral tasks assigned to family members during the week as "homework"
77
coaching
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) coaching well-motivated family members who have achieved a reasonable degree of self-differentiation
78
displacement stories
(Multigenerational Family Therapy) using film, videos, or other stories to show similar emotional processes to family members (helps them be less defensive/reactive when analyzing the family at a distance)

MCFC Theories (3 decks)

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