Ch. 4- Body Membrane and Skin

Question 1

What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes?

Answer 1

Cutaneous, mucous, serous

Question 2

Do epithelial membranes only contain epithelial tissue? If not, what other tissue do they contain?

Answer 2

No, various connective tissues

Question 3

Cutaneous membranes are also known as_____ or______.

Answer 3

Skin or integument

Question 4

What is the main function of cutaneous membranes?

Answer 4

Protects from mechanical, chemical, bacterial, UV radiation, thermal damage, and desiccation; aids body in temperature control; aids in excretion of waste; synthesizes vitamin D

Question 5

What does desiccation mean?

Answer 5

Drying out

Question 6

What is keratin? Is it a protein, carbohydrate or nucleic acid?

Answer 6

A tough, fibrous protein

Question 7

What does it mean for a tissue to be “keratinized?”

Answer 7

The cells contain mostly keratin

Question 8

What are the two main layers of the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 8

Epidermis and dermis

Question 9

What are the layers of the epidermis? List them superficial to deep.

Answer 9

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 10

Where do cells undergo mitosis in the epidermis?

Answer 10

Stratum basale

Question 11

Where are melanocytes located?

Answer 11

Stratum basale

Question 12

What is the function of melanocytes?

Answer 12

To produce melanin, a pigment that protects from UV radiation

Question 13

What is the function of keratinocytes?

Answer 13

To produce keratin, a protein found in the hair, nails, and epidermis

Question 14

Which layer contains layers and layers of dead, keratinized cells?

Answer 14

Stratum corneum

Question 15

What are the two layers of dermis?

Answer 15

Papillary and reticular

Question 16

In which layer are the “dermal papillae?”

Answer 16

Papillary

Question 17

In which layer are pacinian (sep pressure) receptors?

Answer 17

Reticular

Question 18

In which layer are capillary loops, pain receptors, and Meissner’s (light touch) receptors?

Answer 18

Papillary

Question 19

In which layer are the blood vessels and glands?

Answer 19

Reticular

Question 20

What are the functions of mucous membranes?

Answer 20

Secrete protective mucous

Question 21

Where are mucous membranes found in the body?

Answer 21

Lining the digestive and respiratory tracts and body cavities open to the exterior

Question 22

What does parietal mean? Visceral?

Answer 22

Parietal membranes line the cavity wall; visceral membranes line the organ

Question 23

Where is pericardium? Pleura? Peritoneum?

Answer 23

Heart, lungs, intestines

Question 24

What would “visceral pleura” line?

Answer 24

The lungs

Question 25

What would "parietal peritoneum" line?

Answer 25

The cavity wall around the intestines

Question 26

What would "visceral pericardium" line?

Answer 26

The heart organ

Question 27

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

Answer 27

To reduce friction around organs

Question 28

What is another name for connective tissue (C.T.) membranes?

Answer 28

Synovial

Question 29

Where do you find C.T. membranes?

Answer 29

Joints

Question 30

What is the function of C.T. membranes?

Answer 30

Provide a smooth surface and secrete a lubricating fluid; provide suction during activity

Question 31

Skin protects deeper tissues from what three things?

Answer 31

Mechanical/ chemical/ bacterial/ thermal damage, UV radiation, desiccation

Question 32

How might skin regulate temperature in the body?

Answer 32

By activating sweat glands and controlling diameter of skin capillary beds

Question 33

What vitamin is synthesized in the skin?

Answer 33

Vitamin D from cholesterol

Question 34

What is the function of melanin?

Answer 34

Protect against UV radiation

Question 35

What are the color possibilities of melanin?

Answer 35

Yellow to brown to black

Question 36

What could occur if melanocytes underwent controlled cell growth?

Answer 36

Melanoma (skin cancer)

Question 37

What other factors affect normal skin color?

Answer 37

Hemoglobin and carotene

Question 38

What does cyanosis indicate?

Answer 38

Poorly oxygenated blood

Question 39

What are the two types of glands in the skin?

Answer 39

Sebaceous and sweat

Question 40

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 40

Produce sebum

Question 41

What is the function of the secretion of sebaceous glands?

Answer 41

Keeps skin soft and inhibits bacterial growth

Question 42

Where do sebaceous glands empty into?

Answer 42

Usually hair follicles

Question 43

What are the functions of sweat glands?

Answer 43

Temperature regulation and waste excretion

Question 44

What are two types of sweat glands and how are they different?

Answer 44

Eccrine glands are more numerous and empty sweat into pores, its sweat is mostly water; apocrine glands are found in the axillary and genital areas, are larger, and its sweat contains fatty acids and proteins as well

Question 45

What is sweat composed of?

Answer 45

Water, salts, vitamin C, metabolic waste (ammonia, urea, uric acid), and lactic acid

Question 46

From what structure does hair grow?

Answer 46

Hair follicle

Question 47

What are the functions of hair?

Answer 47

Protection (eyelashes, nose hairs) and insulation

Question 48

What are the names of the three layers of hair? list the deep to superficial.

Answer 48

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

Question 49

What is the arrestor pill? What does it do?

Answer 49

Smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that cause hair to stand on end

Question 50

What is a nail composed of?

Answer 50

Keratinized cells

Question 51

What are the four main parts of the nail?

Answer 51

Free edge, body, root, eponychium

Question 52

What is another name for "eponychium" of nail?

Answer 52

Cuticle

Question 53

What are the life-threatening dangers associated with severe burns?

Answer 53

Infection, dehydration, circulatory shock (due to hypovolemia), and electrolyte imbalance (can cause kidney shutdown)

Question 54

When determining extent of burns, how many areas is the human body divided into?

Answer 54

11 areas, 9% each

Question 55

What skin layers are affected in first-degree burns______, second-______, third-______, and fourth-degree ______?

Answer 55

1st- epidermis, 2nd- epidermis and upper dermis, 3rd- epidermis and full dermis, 4th- epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (can be into muscle and bone layers)

Question 56

When is critical? 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______

Answer 56

25% body has 2nd degree; 10% of body has 3rd degree, 3rd degree burns of face, hands, feet, or genitals; additional complications (such as smoke or chemical inhalation; fractures, or immune deficiencies)

Question 57

What is the name given to harmless abnormal cell masses?

Answer 57

Benign

Question 58

What is the name given to harmful abnormal cell masses?

Answer 58

Malignant

Question 59

What is meant by "metastasize?"

Answer 59

Moves to other parts of body

Question 60

What are the three types of skin cancer mentioned in class?

Answer 60

Basal cell carcinoma, squamos cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Question 61

What are the "ABCDEs" of detecting melanoma? A______ B______ C______ D______ E______

Answer 61

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, enlarging or evolving

Question 62

Homeostatic imbalances=_______=______=______

Answer 62

Disease, pathologies, illness

Question 63

What causes athletes foot?

Answer 63

Fungus

Question 64

What causes boils and carbuncles?

Answer 64

Bacterial infection

Question 65

What causes cold sores?

Answer 65

Herpes simplex virus

Question 66

What causes contact dermatitis?

Answer 66

Allergens, such as poison ivy, detergent

Question 67

What causes impetigo?

Answer 67

Bacterial infection (staphylococcus)

Question 68

What causes psoriasis?

Answer 68

Unknown cause, triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, and stress