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Pathology > Ch 4. Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch 4. Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

2-D Echocardiography

A

Cross-sectional sonographic imaging of the heart demonstrating the heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and cardiac output

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2
Q

Adventitia

A

The outermost layer of connective tissue covering major organs and vessels within the body

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3
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized ballooning or out-pouching of a vessel wall as a result of weakening from atherosclerotic disease, trauma, infection, or congenital defects

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A common form of arteriosclerosis in which deposits of fibrofatty plaque or thickenings form within the intimate or intermedia of large and medium sized arteries

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6
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

A

An abnormal opening between the right and left atria of the heart which allows mixing of oxygenated and un-oxygenated blood within the atria

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

Small blood vessels connecting venues and arterioles which allow the exchange of water, gases, and nutrients within the blood

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8
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

The appearance of an enlarged heart, as indicative of many cardiovascular disorders

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9
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta

A

A narrowing or compression of the aorta

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10
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Condition existing when the heart is unable to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume to prevent congestion of circulatory subsystems

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11
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Hypertension in the pulmonary artery and an enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart

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12
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

Disease of the arteries of the heart often resulting from deposition of atheroma in the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle

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13
Q

Diastole

A

The phase of the heart cycle in which the myocardium is relaxing

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14
Q

Dissecting Aneurysm

A

An aneurysm resulting from hemorrhage that causes longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall

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15
Q

Doppler Echocardiography

A

A procedure that uses ultrasound technology to examine the heart or blood vessels

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16
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

The blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta in the fetus which should normally close at birth

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17
Q

Embolization

A

Interventional angiography procedure in which devices such as coils are used to intentionally clot off vessels, often before surgery to prevent excessive bleeding

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18
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner membrane layer of tissue lining the heart

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19
Q

Epicardium

A

The inner layer of pericardium surrounding the heart which forms an outer layer of connective tissue covering the heart

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20
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

An opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart which should normally close at birth

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21
Q

Fusiform Aneurysm

A

An arterial aneurysm in which the entire circumference of the vessel wall is affected

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22
Q

Gated Cardiac Blood Pool Scan

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A

A gated nuclear medicine procedure of the heart that demonstrates heart motion and the ejection of blood from the heart

23
Q

Heart

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A

A hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation.

24
Q

Infarct

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A

An area of ischemic necrosis

25
Intima
The spread and multiplication of a pathogenic organism or malignant cells
26
Ischemia
A local and temporary impairment of circulation caused by obstruction of circulation
27
Lumen
The inner, tubular structure of a vessel
28
Media
The middle, muscular layer of a vessel wall
29
M-mode Echocardiography
Dynamic, one dimensional sonographic images of the heart
30
Murmur
An abnormal extra heart sound indicating a structural or functional defect of the heart
31
Myocardial Perfusion Scan
A type of nuclear medicine procedure. This means that a tiny amount of a radioactive substance, called a radionuclide, is used during the procedure to assist in the examination of the tissue under study
32
Myocardium
The muscular layer of the heart
33
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Abnormal persistence of an open ductus arterioles after birth, resulting in recirculation of arterial blood through the lungs
34
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Use of a specialized catheter, typically equipped with an inflatable balloon, to perform vessel repair from within the artery or vein during angiography
35
Permanent Catherterization
Interventional angiography procedure, in which a catheter is placed in the subclavian or jugular vein and tunneled under skin to allow for improved dialysis access
36
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often associated with venous thrombosis
37
Pulmonary Embolus
A mass of foreign matter present in a pulmonary artery or one of its branches
38
Rheumatic Fever
An illness that results from an untreated strep throat condition
39
Saccular Aneurysm
A localized sac affecting only a part of the circumference of an arterial wall
40
Sinoatrial Node
The heart's pacemaker. This is a bundle of nerve fibers located in the upper portion of the right atrium near the superior vena cava; from this node an electrical current is transmitted through the myocardium, resulting in a heartbeat
41
Stent
A specialized device placed to provide patency, usually in a vessel or duct
42
Systole
The phase of the heart cycle during which the myocardium is contracting
43
Tetralogy of Fallot
A combination of four congenital cardiac defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular central defect, overriding aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
44
Thrombolysis
An interventional angiography procedure in which urokinase, a high-intensity anticoagulant, is dripped over a period of hours directly onto a clot to dissolve it
45
Thrombophlebitis
The presence of inflammation and blood clots within a vein
46
Thrombus
A blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel
47
Transesophageal Echocardiography
A type of echocardiographic procedure in which the patient swallows a mobile, flexible probe
48
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
An interventional angiography procedure in which a catheter is used to connect the jugular vein to the portal vein to reduce the flow of blood through a diseased liver
49
Transposition of Great Vessels
Congenital malformation of the cardiovascular system, in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle
50
Valvular Stenosis
Narrowing of the valve
51
Veins
The tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart
52
Venous Thrombosis
The formation of blood clots within a vein
53
Ventricular Septal Defects
An abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles of the heart allowing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Pathology (4 decks)

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