Ch. 4 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What subsystem of the circulatory system is responsible for the exchange of blood gases?

Answer 1

Pulmonary

Question 2

Of the four cardiac chambers, which one lies midline with the cardiac shadow and is also located anteriorly?

Answer 2

Right ventricle

Question 3

Which is the thickest layer of heart tissue?

Answer 3

Myocardium

Question 4

Which chamber of the heart is generally the largest?

Answer 4

Left ventricle

Question 5

Which chamber of the heart houses the SA node, responsible for the electrical conductivity?

Answer 5

Right atrium

Question 6

What portion of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the ventricular depolarization?

Answer 6

QRS complex

Question 7

Why is it important to perform chest radiography in the upright position?

Answer 7

Prevents magnification of the heart

Question 8

What geometric factor(s) may affect the radiographic appearance on the PA chest?

Answer 8

SID, OID, anode heel

Question 9

Cardiomegaly can be diagnosed on the PA chest radiography when the cardiac shadow is _____________ of the transverse diameter of the thorax.

Answer 9

More than half

Question 10

What type of echocardiography permits real time imaging of the heart?

Answer 10

2D

Question 11

What pathological conditions can be diagnosed with Doppler sonography?

Answer 11

DVT, carotid stenosis, venous thrombosis

Question 12

The widely performed myocardial perfusion scans are used to evaluate:

Answer 12

Coronary artery stenosis, follow up for surgery and ischemia

Question 13

What procedure in nuclear cardiology is used to evaluate ventricular function?

Answer 13

Gated cardiac blood pool

Question 14

What type of procedure is angiography?

Answer 14

Diagnostic and therapeutic

Question 15

What situations may require interventional embolization as a treatment option?

Answer 15

Clotting, feeding brain tumors

Question 16

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent (TIPS) is used to connect the jugular vein to the portal vein in cases to:

Answer 16

Severe cirrosis

Question 17

What is the congenital pathological condition ductus arteriosus?

Answer 17

Small vessels that do not close at birth

Question 18

What congenital pathology presents radiographically with two bulges of the aorta at the arch and rib notching?

Answer 18

Coarction of the aorta

Question 19

What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 19

Congenital heart defect involving ventricular pulmonary stenosis

Question 20

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Answer 20

Arterial septal defect

Question 21

How is transposition of the great vessels presented on a radiograph?

Answer 21

Narrow mediastinum and pulmonary congestion

Question 22

What is the most common cause of chronic heart valve disease?

Answer 22

Congenital heart defect

Question 23

What heart valve is most likely damaged if a patient has an enlarged superior vena cave, right atrium, and right ventricle?

Answer 23

Tricuspid

Question 24

What cardiac pathology presents radiographically with cardiomegaly, chest congestion, and increased vascular marking in the hilar region of the lungs?

Answer 24

Left sided congestive heart failure

Question 25

What is the most prevalent disease in humans, especially in the US?

Answer 25

Atherosclerosis

Question 26

Which vessels are commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

Answer 26

The aorta, coronary arteries, and the cerebral arteries

Question 27

What cardiac pathology is responsible for more than 30% of all annual deaths in the US and is the single most frequent cause of death in both males and females?

Answer 27

Coronary artery disease

Question 28

What cardiac pathology is the most commonly caused by an acute thrombus of the coronary arteries?

Answer 28

Myocardial infarction

Question 29

What are the thrombolytic agents utilized for myocardial infarctions?

Answer 29

Medications that end with -ase

Question 30

What type of aneurysm is described as a localized bulge involving one side of the arterial wall?

Answer 30

Sacular aneurysm

Question 31

Where is the most common site for an aneurysm to occur?

Answer 31

Abdominal aorta

Question 32

What type of aneurysm causes an intramural hematoma and is often located in the descending (thoracic) aorta?

Answer 32

Dissecting aneurysm

Question 33

What are the risk factors for developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?

Answer 33

Clots

Question 34

What may be an initial treatment for a pulmonary embolus (PE)?

Answer 34

Pulmonary embolectomy/ thrombolytic therapies

Question 35

What is the most common cause of a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 35

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 36

Coarction of the aorta:

Answer 36

Additive because of enlarged mediastinum

Question 37

Septal defects:

Answer 37

Additive because of enlarged mediastinum

Question 38

Tetralogy of Fallot:

Answer 38

Additive because of enlarged mediastinum

Question 39

Valvular disease:

Answer 39

Additive because of enlarged mediastinum

Question 40

Congestive heart failure:

Answer 40

Additive because of fluid in the great vessels and lungs

Question 41

Cor pulmonale:

Answer 41

Additive because of enlarged right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 42

Aortic dissection:

Answer 42

Additive because of widened mediastinum