Ch 4 Exercise Metabolism Flashcards
(41 cards)
At rest, almost 100% of the energy required to sustain bodily functions is provided by _____.
a) aerobic metabolism
b) the glyoxylate cycle
c) the C3 carbon fixation pathway
d) anaerobic metabolism
a) aerobic metabolism
What is oxygen deficit?
the lag in oxygen uptake at the BEGINNING of exercise
AND
the difference between oxygen uptake in the first few minutes of exercise and an equal time period after steady state has been obtained
When O2 consumption does not increase instantaneously to a steady-state value, _____ energy sources contribute to the overall ATP production at the beginning of an exercise.
a) glycolytic
b) protein
c) anaerobic
d) carbohydrate
c) anaerobic
What factors are influenced by the intensity of an exercise?
the magnitude of an elevated post-exercise metabolic rate and the duration of an elevated post-exercise metabolic rate
The effectiveness of the ATP-PC system and glycolysis in the first minutes of exercise of a three-minute exercise bout is such that ATP levels in the muscle are virtually _____.
a) depleted
b) doubled
c) tripled
d) unchanged
d) unchanged
As the steady-state oxygen consumption is reached, the body’s ATP requirement is met by
a) anaerobic metabolism
b) aerobic metabolism
c) the ATP-PC system
d) the C4 pathway
b) aerobic pathway
What is oxygen debt?
the elevated oxygen uptake (above resting levels) following exercise
OR BASICALLY
the heavy breathing that follows exercise (when you stop exercising)
It was believed that the slow portion of the oxygen debt was due to the oxidative conversion of _____ to glucose in the liver.
a) glycogen
b) glycerol
c) tyrosine
d) lactate
d) lactate
What is oxygen debt also known as?
EPOC or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
During a three-minute bout of exercise, the ATP production from _____ was highest in the first minute of exercise.
a) phosphocreatine (PC)
b) ADP
c) cyclic AMP
d) creatine (C)
a) phosphocreatine (PC)
According to A. V. Hill, the excess oxygen consumed following exercise was repayment for the _____ incurred at the onset of exercise.
a) lactate accumulation
b) oxygen deficit
c) decrease in glucose levels
d) decrease in systolic pressure
b) oxygen deficit
True or false: Higher blood lactate levels during high-intensity exercise indicate that less O2 is required for lactate conversion to glucose in gluconeogenesis.
FALSE; if there is more lactate levels that means the body needs more O2 to convert lactate to glucose in gluconeogenesis for the body to produce ATP!
The slow phase of oxygen debt can persist greater than _____ after exercise.
5 mins
10 mins
20 mins
30 mins
30 mins
There are two % of oxygen debt. 20% and 80%. Which portions of oxygen debt match the % of oxygen debt they replace? Rapid and slow portion are the choices.
Rapid portion -> 20% oxygen debt
Slow portion -> 80% oxygen debt
The energy to perform a short-term exercise of high intensity is produced primarily from _____.
the electron transport chain
aerobic metabolic pathways
the Krebs cycle
anaerobic metabolic pathway
anaerobic metabolic pathways
What is known as the process of glucose synthesis from noncarbohydrate sources?
gluconeogenesis
The energy to perform a long-term exercise for more than ten minutes is produced primarily from _____.
anaerobic metabolism
aerobic metabolism
the C4 carbon fixation pathway
the glyoxylate cycle
aerobic metabolism
What are the reasons why excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is greater during high-intensity exercise compared to moderate-intensity exercise?
- phosphocreatine (PC) is depleted to a greater extent
- higher blood lactate levels
- higher heat production and body temperature
- higher levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Measuring the _____ is considered by many exercise scientists to be the most valid measurement of cardiovascular fitness of a subject.
basal metabolic rate
oxygen debt
lactate threshold
VO2 max
VO2 max
A factor that influences VO2 max depends on the muscle’s ability to _____.
produce ATP by anaerobic pathways
store high levels of phosphocreatine
take up oxygen and produce ATP aerobically
prevent breakdown of glycogen stores
take up oxygen and produce ATP aerobically
_____ is specifically defined as the exercise intensity or oxygen consumption at which a specific blood lactate concentration is reached.
Oxygen debt
Onset of blood lactate accumulation
Lactate threshold
Maximal oxygen uptake or VO2 max
onset of blood lactate accumulation
Slow muscle fibers contain an LDH isozyme that promotes the formation of _____.
pyruvate
ADP
lactate
NAD
pyruvate; LDH promotes the formation of pyruvate by…
LDH -> lactate -> pyruvate
When VO2 max is reached during a graded exercise test, an increase in power output _____.
decreases the oxygen uptake
causes a geometric increase in oxygen uptake
results in an exponential increase in oxygen uptake
does not lead to an increase in oxygen uptake
does not lead to an increase in oxygen uptake (since VO2 max is already reached)
The higher the respiratory exchange ratio (R) value, the greater is the role of _____ as an energy source.
carbohydrate
protein
fat
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
