Ch 4. Reactions in an Aqueous Solution

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

the substance present in the greatest quantity in a solution

Question 3

Solutes

Answer 3

the other substance in a solution that are not the solvent

Question 4

Electrolyte

Answer 4

a substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions

Question 5

nonelectrolytes

Answer 5

a substance that does not form ions in a solution

Question 6

Solvation

Answer 6

helps stabalize the ions in a solution and prevents cations and anions from recombining.

Question 7

Dissociation

Answer 7

when an ionic substance dissolves in H2O, the solvent pulls the individual ions from the crystal and solvates them

Question 8

Are most molecular compounds nonelectrolytes?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What molecular compounds are electrolytes

Answer 9

Acids

Question 10

Strong Electrolytes

Answer 10

are solutes that exist in a solution completly or nearly completly as ions

Question 11

Weak Electrolytes

Answer 11

solutes that exist in solutions mostly in the form of neutral molecules with only small fractions in the form of ions

Question 12

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 12

a state in which the relative numbers of each type of ion or molecule in the reaction are constant overtime.

Question 13

Precipitation Reactions

Answer 13

reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product

Question 14

Precipitate

Answer 14

an insoluble solid formed by a reaction in a solution

Question 15

Soluble Ionic Compounds

Answer 15

NO3-
CH3COO-
Cl-
Br-
I-
SO4-

Question 16

Exceptions to NO3- solubility

Answer 16

None

Question 17

Exceptions to CH3COO-

Answer 17

None

Question 18

Exceptions to Cl- Solubility

Answer 18

Pb 2+, Hg 2+, Ag +

Question 19

Exceptions to Br- solubility

Answer 19

Pb 2+, Hg 2+, Ag +

Question 20

Exceptions to I- solubiltiy

Answer 20

Pb 2+, Hg 2+, Ag +

Question 21

Exceptions to SO4- solubiltiy

Answer 21

Sr 2+, Ba 2+, Hg 2+, Pb 2+

Question 22

Insoluble compounds

Answer 22

S 2-
CO3 2-
PO4 2-
OH -

Question 23

Exception to insoubility of S 2-

Answer 23

NH4 +, alkali Metals, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+

Question 24

Exceptions to insolubility of CO3 2-

Answer 24

NH4 +, Alkali Metals

Question 25

Exceptions to insolubility of PO4 2-

Answer 25

NH4 +, Alkali Metals,

Question 26

Exceptions to insolubility of OH-

Answer 26

NH4 +, Alkali Metals, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+

Question 27

Metathesis Reaction

Answer 27

AX + BY ---> AY + BX

Question 28

Molecular Equations

Answer 28

Shows the chemical formulas without indicating ionic characters

Question 29

Complete Ionic Equations

Answer 29

A chemical equation in which dissolved strong electrolytes are written as seperate ions

Question 30

Spectator Ions

Answer 30

ions that appear in identical form on both sides of a complete ionic equation and play no role in the reaction

Question 31

Net ionic equation

Answer 31

includes only the ions and molecules directly involved in the reaction

Question 32

Strong Acids

Answer 32

``` HCl HBr HI HClO3 HClO4 HNO3 H2SO4 ```

Question 33

Strong Bases

Answer 33

``` LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 ```

Question 34

Acids

Answer 34

substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to form H+ | -proton donors

Question 35

Monoprotic acids

Answer 35

yield 1 H+

Question 36

diprotic acids

Answer 36

yield 2 H+

Question 37

Bases

Answer 37

substances that accept H+ ions and produce OH- ions in water - a proton exceptor - they do not have to contain OH-

Question 38

Strong Electolytes are

Answer 38

Ionic | strong acids and bases

Question 39

Weak Electrolytes are

Answer 39

Weak acids and Bases

Question 40

Nonelectolytes

Answer 40

All molecular compounds that are not acids or bases

Question 41

Neutrilization reaction

Answer 41

when a soultion of an acid and base are mixed

Question 42

salt

Answer 42

any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from a acid

Question 43

Oxidation-reduction reaction/ redox reaction

Answer 43

reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another

Question 44

Oxidation

Answer 44

Loss of electrons by a substance

Question 45

Reduction

Answer 45

the gain of electrons by a substance

Question 46

oxidation numbers/states

Answer 46

a positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formula rules

Question 47

Displacement reactions

Answer 47

the ion in the solution is displaced/replaced through oxidation of an element

Question 48

Activity Series

Answer 48

a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing ease of oxidation -any metal on the list can be oxidized by the ions of elements below it

Question 49

Active metals

Answer 49

react most readily to form compounds | -alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

Question 50

Noble metals

Answer 50

are very stable and form less readily | -near the bottom of the table

Question 51

Concentration

Answer 51

designates the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent or quantity of solution

Question 52

Molarity (M)

Answer 52

expresses the concentration of a solution as the number of moles in a liter of solution - a conversion factor between volume of a solution and moles of solute

Question 53

Molarity Formula

Answer 53

M= Moles of solute/Volume of solution in Liters

Question 54

Dilution

Answer 54

adding water to concentrated solutions | -moles of solute before dilution = moles solute after dilution

Question 55

Dilution Formula

Answer 55

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

Question 56

Titration

Answer 56

involves combining a solution where the solute concentration is not known with a reagent solution of known concentration called a standard solution

Question 57

Equivalence Point

Answer 57

the point at which stoichiometrically equivalent quantities are brought together