ch. 4 - the self, social, and moral development

Question 1

restricting food intake for fear of weight gain

Answer 1

anorexia nervosa

Question 2

emotional bond that forms between people

Answer 2

attachment

Question 3

erikson’s second stage; marks the beginning of self-control and self-confidence for young children

Answer 3

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 4

uncontrolled eating of large quantities of food, often very quickly and to the point of discomfort

Answer 4

binge eating disorder

Question 5

binge eating followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise to “undo” the binge

Answer 5

bulimia nervosa

Question 6

Bronfenbrenner’s ____________________ of development that includes physical and social contexts in which we develop

Answer 6

bioecological model

Question 7

families including stepbrothers, stepsisters, and step-parents who move in and out of lives

Answer 7

blended families

Question 8

individuals’ choices concerning political and religious beliefs

Answer 8

commitment

Question 9

total situation that surrounds and interacts with an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and actions to shape development and learning

Answer 9

context

Question 10

using online mediums (social media) to spread rumors, make threats, or otherwise terrorize peers

Answer 10

cyber aggression

Question 11

Erikson suggests that individuals face this but it can be resolved by either embracing an extreme position or finding a balance between extreme responses

Answer 11

developmental crisis

Question 12

moral issue involving dividing and sharing materials (in a classroom setting)

Answer 12

distributive justice

Question 13

process by which adolescents consider and try out alternative beliefs, values, and behaviors

Answer 13

exploration

Question 14

families with grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins either living in the same household or in daily contact with each other

Answer 14

extended families

Question 15

say “___________” instead of “your parents,” or “your mother and father”

Answer 15

“your family”

Question 16

Erikson’s seventh stage; extends the ability to care for another person and involves concern for the next generation and future generations

Answer 16

generativity versus stagnation

Question 17

inflicting intentional harm; can be overt or relational

Answer 17

hostile aggression

Question 18

people’s general sense of themselves including beliefs, emotions, values, commitments, and attitudes, along with their cultural, gender, sexuality, ethnic heritage, religion, class, age, and other intersections

Answer 18

identity

Question 19

after exploring realistic options, the individual has made choices and is committed to pursuing them

Answer 19

identity achievement

Question 20

individuals do not explore any options or commit to any actions

Answer 20

identity diffusion

Question 21

commitment without exploration; often “settling” for the values of parents or extremist groups (in rare settings)

Answer 21

identity foreclosure

Question 22

Erikson’s fourth stage; children are beginning to see the relationship between perseverance and the pleasure of a job completed

Answer 22

industry versus inferiority

Question 23

Erikson’s third stage; children maintain a balance between a zest for activity and an understanding that not every impulse can be acted on

Answer 23

initiative versus guilt

Question 24

intended to gain an object or privilege; not normally including harm

Answer 24

instrumental aggression

Question 25

Erikson's final stage; involves consolidating our sense of self and fully accepting its unique and "unalterable" history

Answer 25

integrity versus despair

Question 26

in the context of moral values, children adopt the external standards as their own

Answer 26

internalize

Question 27

Erikson's sixth stage; the willingness to relate to another person and to have a relationship based on more than mutual need

Answer 27

Intimacy versus isolation

Question 28

certain professionals must report suspected cases of child abuse

Answer 28

mandated reporting

Question 29

hypothetical situations in which people must make difficult decisions and give their reasons

Answer 29

moral dilemmas

Question 30

stage in which children believe that rules are absolute and cannot be changed

Answer 30

moral realism

Question 31

thinking about right and wrong

Answer 31

moral reasoning

Question 32

children understand that people make rules and can change them

Answer 32

morality of cooperation

Question 33

exploration with a delay in commitment to personal and occupational choices

Answer 33

moratorium

Question 34

threats and/or physical attacks

Answer 34

overt aggression

Question 35

parents' levels of warmth and control, their expectations for maturity, and their willingness to grant autonomy

Answer 35

parenting styles

Question 36

"rules" on how to dress, talk, interact, etc.

Answer 36

peer cultures

Question 37

Erikson's __________ theory that emphasizes the emergence of the self, the search for identity, relationships with others, and the role of culture

Answer 37

psychosocial

Question 38

series of changes marking the beginning of sexual maturity

Answer 38

puberty

Question 39

threatening or damaging social relationships

Answer 39

relational aggression

Question 40

our mental picture of who we are

Answer 40

self-concept

Question 41

evaluative dimension of the self-concept

Answer 41

self-esteem

Question 42

agreed-upon rules and ways of doing things in a particular situation

Answer 42

social conventions

Question 43

children are developing an understanding that other people are people too, with their own minds, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, desires, and perceptions

Answer 43

theory of mind