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Anatomy > CH. 4 Tissues > Flashcards

CH. 4 Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of basic tissues?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

Epithelium

A

Basic Tissue -
Forms lining of surfaces and is derived from any of the 3 germ layers
covers surfaces
lines insides of organs and body cavities
and sacs
ex: epidermous - lining of skin
lining of subes, sacs, and glands

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3
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Extensive extra cellular matrix

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4
Q

Muscle

A

Neuron & support cells

Sensory, motor, integration - putting it together to “function”

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5
Q

Epithelium - Lining (list)

A

Sheets
Tubes
Sacs

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6
Q

Epithelium - Lining Sheets

A

Surface of skin (epidermis) and Ventral Body cavities (mesothelium = serous membranes)

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7
Q

Epithelium - Lining Tubes

A

Inner lining of tubular structures.

Blood vessels, gut, ducks

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8
Q

Epithelium - lining Sacs

A

Alveoli in lungs

Glandular alveoli - secretory units (bladder)

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9
Q

Epithelium - Features (List)

A
  1. polarity
  2. apical surfaces
  3. junctions
  4. secretion
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10
Q

Epithelium - Features Polarity

A

2 ends doing different things.
apical region
basal region

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11
Q

Apical region

A

near lumen

TOP OF TISSUE

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12
Q

basal region

A

BOTTOM
like felt. fibouras material.
near basal lamina (basement membrane)

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13
Q

Epithelium - Features Apical surfaces (list)

A
  1. Cilia
  2. microvilli
  3. ridges or folds
  4. secretory features
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14
Q

Cilia

A

Epithelium - Features Apical surfaces

9+2 arrangement of microtubules

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15
Q

Microvilli

A

Epithelium - Features Apical surfaces

  • Finger like projections
  • Non moveable (just adding surface area)
  • Absorbing functions
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16
Q

ridges or folds

A

Epithelium - Features Apical surfaces

Folds on surface

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17
Q

secretory features

A

Epithelium - Features Apical surfaces
exocytosis
Secretion occurs

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18
Q

Epithelium - Features - Junctions (&list)

A

Specialized contacts on lateral surfaces; where epithelial cells are joined together.

  1. Desmosomes
  2. Tight junctions
  3. Gap junctions
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19
Q

Desmosomes

A

Like a button between adjacent epithelial cells

Adhesion

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20
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Encircles epithelial cells near their apical surfaces and completely attaches each cell to its neighbor; cells almost fust together

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21
Q

Gap junctions

A

Formed across the intercellular gap between neighboring cells
provide a direct passageway for small molecules travelling between neighboring cells

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22
Q

Epithelium - Features - Secretion (list)

A
  1. Apocrine
  2. Merocrine
  3. Holocrine
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23
Q

Apocrine

A

Accumulate secretory products within the apical region of their cytoplasm
Mammary glands

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24
Q

Merocrine

A

Package secretions in structures called secretory vesicles
Salvary and sweat glands
Exocytosis

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25
Holocrine
``` Accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates; Cell fragments and then break apart; sebaceous glands (oil) ```
26
Epithelium - Features - Types (2 ways to differentiate)
1. Shapes | 2. Layers
27
Epithelium - Features - Shapes
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
28
Epithelium - Features - Layers
1. Simple 2. Stratified 3. Pseudostratified 4. Transitional
29
Epithelium - Features - Layers - SIMPLE
One layer of cells
30
Epithelium - Features - Layers - STRATIFIED
2 or more layers
31
Epithelium - Features - Layers Pseudostratifiied
All layers touch the basal lamina
32
Lumen
hallow cavity by the apical region
33
basal lamina
Basement membrane | Touches the basal region and is a fine, fibrous material
34
Epithelium - Features - Layers TRANSITIONAL
One type to another type; | Classify the cell shape based on the apical layer of cells
35
Connective Tissue
extensive extracellular matrix; protects, binds together, and supports organs; derived from ONLY MESODERM
36
Muscle Tissue
Moves by contraction Facilitates movement of skeleton or organ walls Derived only from the mesoderm
37
Nervous Tissue
``` 3 functions 1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Integration Neurons control activities and process information Glial cells support and protect neurons Derived only from the ectoderm ```
38
Connective Tissue Makeup
Matrix; | Fluid (blood), Fibers (most, not blood), solid (some)
39
Plasma
Fluid in blood Connective Tissue Matrix MESODERM ONLY
40
lymph
All other fluids in other connective tissue | MESODERM ONLY
41
Collagen
Tensile strength Resists pulling forces Fibers in connective tissue MESODERM ONLY
42
Reticular
subcatecogry of collagen Provides shape to soft tissue MESODERM ONLY
43
Elastic
Elastin Resilience = rubber band like MESODERM ONLY
44
Solid connective tissue
Some have solid/ semi fluid materials | Cartilage or bone
45
Cartilage
Chondroitin sulfate | MESODERM ONLY
46
Bone connective tissue
hydroxyapatite is a mineral | MESODERM ONLY
47
Connective Tissue Types
1. Blood 2. Loose connective Tissue 3. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue 4. Cartilage 5. Bone
48
Blood
``` Matrix = plasma Primarily fluid (protein rich) ```
49
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
50
Leukocytes
White blood cells
51
Granulocytes
granules in cytoplasm (staining abilities)
52
Eosinophils
Stain with eosin
53
Basophils
stain with basic | Least abundant
54
Neutrophils
Barely stain | Most abundant
55
Agranulocytes
No granules
56
Lymphocytes
Immune response involvements and regulation
57
Monocytes
Macrophages | Engulf debris by phagocytosis
58
Thrombocytes
Platelets | Involved in blood clotting
59
Loose connective tissue
Loose arrangments of fibers in a watery matrix
60
Areolar
Just fibers and cells
61
Adipose
Fat cells mixed in with fibers (fat)
62
Reticular
Main fiber is reticular fibers
63
Dense Fibourous Connective Tissue
densely packed | Large course fibers packed together
64
Dense Fibourous Connective Tissue - Irregular
Ex. Dermis of skin
65
Dense Fibourous Connective Tissue - Regular
Parallel arrangmenet | Ligaments and tendons
66
Dense Fibourous Connective Tissue - Elastic
Nucla ligament = supports the heat
67
Cartilage
Made up of chondroitin sulfate
68
Hyaline
Cartilage Very fine fibers in a matrix of chondroitin sulfate Most common Articular cartilage in some joints
69
Fibrocartilage
Dense collagen fibers form a cushion; | Interverterbral discs
70
Elastic Cartilage
Very flexible; elastic fibers; ear cartilage
71
Bone
Solid Mineral matrix 1/3 collagen 2/3 hydroxyapatite (makes very strong bone)
72
Compact Bone
Dense
73
Spony Bone
Cancellous | Small microscopic plates
74
Muscle Tissue
Moves by contraction due to actin and myosin filaments
75
Muscle Tissue movement
Interaction of actin and myosin filaments
76
Muscle Tissue - Smooth
``` spindle shaped cells Around blood vessels and veins Autonomic control Irregularly arranged ex: muscle layer in digestive tract ```
77
Muscle Tissue - Cardiac
``` Heart Branching cells joined by intercalcated discs Striation (striped) Cardiac Muscle - muscle layer in heart uniform rhythm ```
78
Muscle Tissue - Skeletal
``` Striation (striped) Volunary muscle (we have control) Elongated Nucleus located on the periphery of cell Skeletal muscle ex: attached to bones ```
79
Nervous Tissue Functions
Sensory Motor Integrative
80
Neuron
``` Nerve impulse Action potential (brain and spinal cord) ```
81
Glial Cells
Neurologial cells or supporting cells

Anatomy (8 decks)

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