Ch 4 Vocab

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

The study of how words are constructed from morphemes

Question 2

Lexicon

Answer 2

A mental repository of information about a given language

Question 3

Form

Answer 3

The structure or shape of any linguistic item

Question 4

Lexical Category

Answer 4

Any class of words grouped together based on morphological properties

Question 5

Open Lexical Category

Answer 5

A lexical category to which new members are often introduced

Question 6

Closed Lexical Category

Answer 6

A lexical category to which new members are rarely introduced

Question 7

Determiner

Answer 7

A lexical category that consists of words such as “a, the, this, your” etc.

Question 8

Conjunction

Answer 8

A lexical category that consists of words such as “and, or, but” etc.

Question 9

Preposition

Answer 9

A lexical category that consists of words such as “on, under, behind” etc.

Question 10

Root

Answer 10

The base of a word, to which other affixes can attach

Question 11

Derivation

Answer 11

A morphological process that changes a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way

Question 12

Affix

Answer 12

A bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

Question 13

Stem

Answer 13

The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which the affix is added

Question 14

Inflection

Answer 14

A morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as number, tense, gender, etc

Question 15

Morpheme

Answer 15

The smallest linguistic unit with a meaning or grammatical function

Question 16

Suffix

Answer 16

An affix that follows a stem

Question 17

Prefix

Answer 17

An affix that precedes a stem

Question 18

Homophone

Answer 18

An affix that sounds alike but that can have different meanings or functions

Question 19

Free Morpheme

Answer 19

A morpheme that can be used as a linguistic unit on its own

Question 20

Bound Morpheme

Answer 20

A morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to have meaning

Question 21

Bound Root

Answer 21

A morpheme that has some meaning on its own but cannot stand alone as a word

Question 22

Productive

Answer 22

A morpheme or rule that can be used to produce novel grammatical forms

Question 23

Content Morpheme

Answer 23

Morpheme that carries semantic content

Question 24

Function Morpheme

Answer 24

Morpheme that provides information about grammatical relationships between the words in a sentence

Question 25

Content Word

Answer 25

A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs

Question 26

Function Word

Answer 26

A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

Question 27

Infix

Answer 27

A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

Question 28

Simultaneous Affix

Answer 28

An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word's stem (only possible in signed languages)

Question 29

Compounding

Answer 29

The process of forming words by combining two or more independent words

Question 30

Total Reduplication

Answer 30

Reduplication in which an entire morpheme is repeated

Question 31

Partial Reduplication

Answer 31

Reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is repeated

Question 32

Reduplication

Answer 32

Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a new word

Question 33

Reduplicant

Answer 33

The morpheme or part of a morpheme being reduplicated

Question 34

Alternation

Answer 34

The morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

Question 35

Suppletion

Answer 35

A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other

Question 36

Analytic Language

Answer 36

Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes

Question 37

Agglutinating Language

Answer 37

A synthetic language in which the relationships between words are indicated primarily by bound morphemes, the components of which are usually easy to separate

Question 38

Fusional Language

Answer 38

A synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

Question 39

Polysynthetic Language

Answer 39

A type of synthetic language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

Question 40

Input

Answer 40

The linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 41

Output

Answer 41

The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 42

Hierarchical Structure

Answer 42

The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase

Question 43

Ambiguity

Answer 43

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

Question 44

Allomorph

Answer 44

One of a set of nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

Question 45

Affixation

Answer 45

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

Question 46

Alternation

Answer 46

The morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

Question 47

Incorporation

Answer 47

Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language