Ch. 4 Whole Body Terminology

Question 1

Smallest unit of living matter

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Semipermeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Answer 2

Cell Membrane

Question 3

What is the central part of the cell that contains chromosomes (DNA)?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

A gel like substance containing cell organs (organelles) that carry out the essential functions of the cell.

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Provide energy needed by the cell to carry on its functions (organelle)

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

Destroy bacteria by digesting them (organelle)

Answer 6

Lyosomes

Question 7

Synthesize proteins (organelle)

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.

Answer 8

Anaplasia

Question 9

A developmental failure resulting in the absence of an organ or tissue.

Answer 9

Aplasia

Question 10

Any abnormal development of cells, tissues or organs. (disordered formation)

Answer 10

Dysplasia

Question 11

An increase in the number of cells of a body part (excessive formation).

Answer 11

Hyperplasia

Question 12

Incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells.

Answer 12

Hypoplasia

Question 13

Neoplasia

Answer 13

The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant.

Question 14

Tissues

Answer 14

A group of similar cells that perform specialized functions.

Question 15

What are the 4 types of tissues:

Answer 15

1. Connective
2. Epithelial
3. Muscle
4. Nervous

Question 16

Supports and binds other body tissue and parts.

Answer 16

Connective tissue

Question 17

Covers the internal and external organs.

Answer 17

Epithelial tissue

Question 18

Produces movement of the parts and organs of the body.

Answer 18

Muscle tissue

Question 19

Transmits impulses throughout the body coordinating may body functions.

Answer 19

Nervous tissue

Question 20

Thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space.

Answer 20

Membrane

Question 21

What is a serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall?

Answer 21

Peritoneum

Question 22

What is the study of tissue called?

Answer 22

Histologist

Question 23

What is the study of cells called?

Answer 23

Cytology

Question 24

What are the 3 body planes?

Answer 24

1. Coronal = Frontal (front/back)
2. Axial = Transverse (upper/lower)
3. Sagittal = Midsagittal (left/right)

Question 25

Epigastric body region

Answer 25

Above the stomach

Question 26

Hypogastric body region

Answer 26

Below the stomach

Question 27

Inguinal

Answer 27

Groin

Question 28

Umbilical

Answer 28

Belly button

Question 29

What is the landmark for dividing quadrants?

Answer 29

Umbilicus

Question 30

RUQ

Answer 30

Liver, Gallbladder, Bile duct

Question 31

LUQ

Answer 31

Diaphragm, Somach, spleen, esophagus

Question 32

RLQ

Answer 32

Small intestine, appendix

Question 33

LLQ

Answer 33

Large intestine, rectum

Question 34

What are the 2 major body cavities?

Answer 34

Ventral and Dorsal

Question 35

What body cavity is the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Answer 35

Ventral (front of body)

Question 36

What body cavity is the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus and trachea?

Answer 36

Thoracic

Question 37

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 37

Diaphragm

Question 38

What body cavity is the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines and kidney?

Answer 38

Abdominal

Question 39

McBurney's Point

Answer 39

Right side 2/3rds between umbilicus and hip-tenderness suspicious for appendicitis.

Question 40

What are the 2 major body cavities?

Answer 40

Pelvic and Dorsal

Question 41

Pelvic cavity

Answer 41

Bladder and reproductive organs

Question 42

Dorsal cavity

Answer 42

Bacok of the body-cranial and spinal cavities

Question 43

5 divisions of the back

Answer 43

1. Cervical vertebrae-7 2. Thoracic vertebrae-12 3. Lumbar vertebrae-5 4. Sacrum-5 fused sacral bones 5. Coccyx-tailbone

Question 44

Anatomical position

Answer 44

Standing, arms to the side, palms turned forward

Question 45

Above or toward the head (direction)

Answer 45

Superior

Question 46

Below or toward the tail/feet (direction)

Answer 46

Inferior

Question 47

Near the surface of the body (direction)

Answer 47

Superficial

Question 48

Away from the surface (direction)

Answer 48

Deep

Question 49

Toward the midline (direction)

Answer 49

Medial

Question 50

Away from the midline (direction)

Answer 50

Lateral

Question 51

Toward the belly of the body, anterior (direction)

Answer 51

Ventral

Question 52

Pertaining to the back or posterior (direction)

Answer 52

Dorsal

Question 53

Away from the trunk of the body (direction)

Answer 53

Distal

Question 54

Toward the trunk (direction)

Answer 54

Proximal

Question 55

Lying horizontally on the back (direction)

Answer 55

Supine

Question 56

Lying face down on the abdomen (direction)

Answer 56

Prone

Question 57

Pertaining to the tail

Answer 57

Caudal

Question 58

Pertaining to organs

Answer 58

Visceral

Question 59

Pertaining to the bottom of the feet

Answer 59

Plantar