CH 41 - Diabetes (Assessment and Management) Flashcards
Diabetes
condition where body cannot produce or effectively use insulin
Type 1 Diabetes
an absence of insulin production and secretion from autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Type 2 Diabetes
relative deficiency of insulin production, decreased insulin action, and increased insulin resistance
Hyperglycemia
high blood sugar (fasting levels >6.1mmol/L postprandial >7.8mmol/L)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
deficiency of insulin causing ketones to form resulting in acidosis
Ketone
highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty acids in the absence of insulin
Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar syndrome
results from a relative insulin deficiency initiated by an intercurrent illness that raises the demand for insulin (associated with polyuria and severe dehydration)
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar </= 3.9mmol/L
Continuous subq insulin infusion
insulin pump auto dispenses insulins to mimic pancreas
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
lab value after 8hr of fasting
Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)
dx criteria for prediabetes (6.1-6.9 mmol/L)
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
blood glucose 7.8-11mmol/L 2h post 75g oral glucose tolerance test used as a diagnostic criteria for prediabetes
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C)
long term measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose attaching itself to a red blood cell irreversibly (lasting 120 days until the RBC dies)
Islet Cell Transplant
investigative procedure where islet cells from donor are injected into the portal vein of the liver, the goal is to have the cell secrete insulin
Neuropathy
nerve cell damage caused by hyperglycemia
