ch 4.3 infancy and childhood Flashcards
(16 cards)
what are methods of studying babies
- brain waves:
- sucking response
- orienting reflex (turn our attention to new stimulus)
- habituation (get used to stimulus + ignore it)
who’s name is linked and associated with cognitive development
Jean Piaget
what did people believe before Piaget
- children’s mind are completely different, use different logic
- children do not passively absorb information, they explore
what are Piagets 3 processes in how children construct their knowledge
- assimilation
- accommodation
- equilibration
what is assimilation + example
- new information is similar to our schema and we integrate it in to it
- example: a child recognize what a dog is based on their experiences with a dog
what is accommodation + example
- encounter new information and have to change schema to fit it
- example: child sees a dog that does not fit their original description so now have to adjust their description
what is equilibration
content of schema matches the real world info
what are Piagets 4 stages of development
- sensorimotor
- pre operational
- concentre operational
- formal operational
describe the sensorymotor stage
- 0-2 years
- babies use senses + motor skills
- major achievement is object permanence
describe the pre operational stage and 4 characteristics of it and major limitations
- 2-7 years
- animism: believe in animate objects have feelings
- symbolism
- literal thinking
- egocentrism: everyone has their same emotions/thoughts
- unable to perform mental operations
- conservation
describe the concrete operational stage and 3 major transformative principles
- 7-11
- able to perform mental functions + understand conservation
- identity (shape and size can change, object does not)
- compensation
- inversion (reversible process)
describe the formal operational stage
- 12+
- theoretical, hypothetical, logical thinking
who’s name is linked and associate with sociocultural theory + cognitive development in childhood
- Leo vigotsky
what did Leo vigotsky believe
- language is most important tool for humans
- great emphasis on self talk
the zone of proximal development + scaffolding
- child cannot do something on his own but with help he can
- the correct way to help is scaffolding, help child until they’ve mastered it then step back
vygotskys psychological tools
- language is the most important tool
- egocentric speech (out loud) used in children to help solve problems translates to inner speech in adults
