Ch 5&6 Bioenergetics

Question 1

bioenergetics

Answer 1

the flow and exchange of energy within a living system

Question 2

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

energy cannot be created or destroyed but trans-forms from one form to another without being depleted

Question 3

conservation of energy principle

Answer 3

chemical energy within the bonds of macronutrients does not immediately dissipate as heat during energy metabolism; instead, a large portion remains as chemical energy, which the musculoskeletal system changes into mechanical energy and ultimately to heat energy

Question 4

biosynthesis

Answer 4

specific building-block atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen become activated and join other atoms and molecules to synthesize important biologic compounds and tissues

Question 5

exergonic reactions

Answer 5

releases energy to its surroundings; decline in free energy

Question 6

Endergonic reactions

Answer 6

absorbs or stores energy from surroundings; increase of free energy

Question 7

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

The tendency of potential energy to degrade to kinetic energy of motion with a lower capacity for work

Question 8

entrophy

Answer 8

measure of uncertainty or randomness

Question 9

6 types of energy

Answer 9

mechanical, chemical, heat, light, electrical, nuclear

Question 10

mechanical work (in human body)

Answer 10

muscle action

Question 11

chemical work (in human body)

Answer 11

(for maintenance and growth)
synthesizes cellular molecules such
as glycogen, triacylglycerol, and protein
(ex: muscle tissue hypertrophy-fibers increase in protein contractile content)

Question 12

transport work (in human body)

Answer 12

concentrates substances such as

sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids

Question 13

passive diffusion

Answer 13

does not require energy

Question 14

active transport

Answer 14

requires energy

Question 15

enzymes

Answer 15

protein catalysts that initiate chemical reactions

Question 16

activation energy

Answer 16

the energy input to initiate a reaction

Question 17

competitive inhibitors

Answer 17

closely resemble the substrate for the normal enzyme and bind to the active site. occupies active site and blunts the enzymes interaction with its substrate

Question 18

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 18

do not resemble enzymes substrate and do not bind to active site, instead they bind to a different spot than active site which changes the structure and ability to catalyze reaction