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Imaging > Ch 5/6 Reading Questions > Flashcards

Ch 5/6 Reading Questions Flashcards

1
Q

MRI measures energy emitted from hydrogen nuclei after their stimulation by what type of signals:

A

radiofrequency

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2
Q

Return to longitudinal magnetization is called

A

T1 frequency

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3
Q

The faster the return the ___________ the signal from the tissue

A

stronger

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4
Q

T1 is taken at a time during the sequence when the difference between ______ and _____ is most noticeable

A

fat and water

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5
Q

What tissue gives the highest signal in T1 and therefore is the brightest white?

A

fat

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6
Q

___
is slow to give up energy and therefore gives a high signal intensity on T2 sequences

A

free water

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7
Q

T2 images are ___ and display less ___ ___.

A

grainer and spatial resolution

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8
Q

Tissues with high signal intensity under T1

A

yellow marrow, fat, and acute hemorrhage

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9
Q

Tissues with high signal intensity on T2 image sequence

A

soft tissue tumors, synovial fluid, inflammation, and CSF

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10
Q

What does MRI do best (general and specific pathologies)?

A

-disc herniations
-soft tissue detail
-stage neoplasm and identify tissue invasion
-detect changes in bone marrow

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11
Q

MRI Limitations

A

-contrainidcated for pts with pacemaker (or other metal)
-cost
-staying still for a long time
-sedation may be needed
-claustraphobic
-lengthy imaging

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12
Q

Ultrasound is a ___ _____ imaging method based on _____ waves.

A

cross sectional
sound

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13
Q

How many ultrasound imaging types can PTs use in therapy?

A

2

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14
Q

Ultrasound _____ converts the electricity from the pulser into sound energy

A

transducer

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15
Q

Attenuation and processes for it

A

reduction in the amount of ultrasound signal
-reflection, scattering, absorption, and refraction

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16
Q

Factors for refraction

A

-smoothness of tissue
-angle of reflection
-tissue type
-difference in impedance between tissue types

17
Q

Doppler is used to measure the ____ in an artery or vein. Power doppler is used more frequently in Physical Therapy because it measures the ________
of blood flow without estimating its _____
nor is it dependent on the ______ of the flow.

A

blood flow, volume, velocity, direction

18
Q

Typically palpation is done prior to ultrasound imaging yet Sonopalpation is palpation done through the ___ during application.

A

transducer

19
Q

The echogenic properties of tissue is called the “echogenicity” of a tissue. Structures that reflect much energy are said to be _______. When there is no reflection tissue may be referred to as _____.

A

hyperechoic, anechoic

20
Q

The echogenic properties of tissue is called the ______ of a tissue. Therefore the use of hyper means brighter and hypo means ____ brightness.

A

echogenicity, reduced

21
Q

Two terms for planes of ultrasound imaging include _____ which means along the length of a structure and ____ which means a cross section or axial image of the structure.

A

longitudinal, transverse

22
Q

Characteristic of bursa ultrasound imaging

A

a potential space with minimal fluid shows up as a hypoechoic line

23
Q

Characteristic of bone ultrasound imaging

A

Can not penetrate and therefore returns all waves

24
Q

Characteristic of ligaments ultrasound imaging

A

hyperechoic compared to muscle with a compact parallel fiber pattern

25
Q

Characteristic of hyaline cartilage ultrasound
imaging

A

hypoechoic layer next to hyperechoic cortical bone

26
Q

Characteristics of tendon ultrasound imaging

A

hyperechoic compared to muscle with a parallel fiber pattern

27
Q

Characteristics of nerve ultrasound imaging

A

hypoechoic compared to tendon and muscle with a speckled appearance in the transverse plane

28
Q

Characteristics of fibrocartilage ultrasound imaging

A

hyperechoic and hard to differentiate from bone at times

29
Q

One major artifact that occurs when the ultrasound beam is not perpendicular to the tissue is known as ____

A

ansiotrophy

30
Q

Advantage of ultrasound imaging

A

-cost
-no contraindications
-point of care/portability
-movement is allowed with ultrasound allowing for palpation, stress testing and application of resistance

31
Q

What ultrasound does best

A

-image cysts and burse
-Allow for stress testing of ligaments
- Demonstrate internal architecture of tendons and muscles showing degenerative changes
-identify nerve diameter demonstrating entrapment

32
Q

Ultrasound limitations

A

-metal implants may pose a problem - creating reverb
-doesn’t image joint spaces well
-doesn’t image bone density and integrity well
-operator dependent which may affect the image

Imaging (5 decks)

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