Ch. 5

Question 1

Six key properties shared by most or all living organisms on Earth

Answer 1

Order, reproduction, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, evolutionary adaption

Question 2

Order

Answer 2

life tends to be non-random

Question 3

Order is a necessary condition and not sufficient because

Answer 3

It’s found in non-living things

Question 4

Reproduction

Answer 4

All life reproduces or is the product reproduction

Question 5

Reproduction is a necessary condition and not sufficient because

Answer 5

Things can be bred that are sterile

Question 6

Growth and development

Answer 6

Living things are hereditary. They pass traits from parent to offspring

Question 7

Growth and development is a necessary condition and not sufficient because

Answer 7

Non living things experience growth and development

Question 8

What allows heredity to direct the development of living things

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

Law 1 of thermodynamics

Answer 9

Any kind of energy can be turned into any other kind of energy

Question 10

Law 2 of thermodynamics

Answer 10

There is always a cost to a change in energy form

Question 11

Entropy

Answer 11

The amount of energy lost transferring from type to type

Question 12

Energy Utilization

Answer 12

How living organisms counter the effects of entropy

Question 13

Energy utilization is a necessary condition but not sufficient as

Answer 13

Non living things use energy

Question 14

Environmental changes

Answer 14

Life interacts with its surroundings

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

Interactions between organisms and their environments lead to evolutionary adaptions and leaving species better suited to their environments

Question 16

Species

Answer 16

Organisms that share characteristics and are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

Question 17

Evolutionary adaption

Answer 17

Life adapts to its changing environment and increases diversity

Question 18

Not all living things adapt evolutionarily

Answer 18

Asexual organisms

Question 19

Overproduction and competition for survival

Answer 19

Any localized population of a species produce far more offspring than the environment can support leads to competition for survival

Question 20

Individual variation

Answer 20

No two individuals are exactly alike. Some organisms are better at collecting resources

Question 21

Conclusion of fact 1 and 2 of evolution

Answer 21

Organisms with heritable traits best enable them to survive reproduce and contribute more to successive generations

Question 22

Artificial selection

Answer 22

Humans choose which individuals contribute to the next generation

Question 23

Majority of organisms on earth are

Answer 23

Single celled

Question 24

Similarities between cells

Answer 24

All pass hereditary information via DNA, all have the same basic components, all life is made from roughly 20 elements

Question 25

What element is used as cellular building material

Answer 25

Carbon as can make long chains and strong double bonds

Question 26

Why is silicon not the building block of life

Answer 26

Weaker bonds than carbon, does not normally form double bonds, no mobility as it is not gaseous with oxygen

Question 27

Compounds of life

Answer 27

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and water

Question 28

Common energy source and energy storage molecule for organisms

Answer 28

Carboyhdrates

Question 29

Store and provide energy but is also the foundation of the cell membrane

Answer 29

Fats

Question 30

Chains of amino acids

Answer 30

Protiens

Question 31

Types of protein

Answer 31

structural, enzymes, movers, signals

Question 32

Earth uses which form of chirality

Answer 32

L-arrangement

Question 33

Two forms of amino acids are called

Answer 33

Stereoisomers

Question 34

DNA

Answer 34

Deoxyribonucleic acid passes hereditary information and instructions for making proteins

Question 35

RNA

Answer 35

Ribonucleic acid instructions for making proteins

Question 36

3 groupings of life

Answer 36

Super kingdoms Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 37

Eukarya

Answer 37

All large, multicellular organisms

Question 38

True diversity of life is almost entirely found in what realm

Answer 38

Microscopic

Question 39

Life's basic requirements

Answer 39

Chemicals or nutrients, energy, genetic code

Question 40

ATP

Answer 40

Adenosine triphosphate is the basic energy currency inside the cell

Question 41

Heterotrophs

Answer 41

Organisms that consume other substances for carbon and energy

Question 42

Autotrophs

Answer 42

Organisms that obtain carbon from their environment

Question 43

Energy comes from 2 sources

Answer 43

Photo and Chemo

Question 44

Photo

Answer 44

Organisms that get energy from photosynthesis

Question 45

Chemo

Answer 45

Organic compounds come from organisms they have consumed

Question 46

Water plays what roles for metabolism

Answer 46

Allows chemicals to float within the cell, transport chemicals within cells and get rid of waste, necessary for reactions that store and release energy

Question 47

AGTC in DNA stands for what respectively?

Answer 47

Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

Question 48

What are the pairs in DNA?

Answer 48

TA CG

Question 49

Mutation

Answer 49

The agent of evolution and change of molecular machinery