Ch. 5 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the 5 basic elements of social structure?
Statuses, social roles, groups, social networks, and social institutions such as; family, religion, government, and the mass media
People to know for the test
Everett Hughes
(In 1945) said that societies deal with inconsistencies by agreeing that certain statuses are more important than others
What are the 5 stages of Role Exit?
Doubt, search for alternatives, actin stage/depature, creation of new identity
What is a Group? (in sociology context)
Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis
What is a Coalition?
A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal
What is a Social Network?
A series of social relationships that link a person directly to others, and through that, indirectly to more people
What are Social Institutions?
Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic needs
What is a Formal Orgainization?
A group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency
What is a Bureaucracy?
A component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency
What is a Bureaucracy?
A component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency
What is Weber’s “Ideal Type” ?
A construct or model for evaluating specific cases
What are the 5 parts/characteristics of bureaucracy?
1) Division of labor
2) Hierarchy of authority
3) Written rules and regulations
4) Impersonality
5) Employment based on technical qualifications
What is Alienation?
A condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society
What is Trained Incapacity?
Workers that become so specialized in one area of work that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems
What is Goal Displacement?
A term used to refer to overzealous conformity to official regulations
What is Goal Displacement?
A term used to refer to overzealous conformity to official regulations
What is the Peter Principle?
Every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence
What is McDonaldization?
The process by which the principles of bureaucratization have increasingly shaped organizations worldwide
What does the term Bureaucratization refer to?
The process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic
What is the Iron Law of Oligarchy?
An idea that describes how even a democratic organizations will eventually develop into a bureaucracy ruled by few, called an oligarchy
What is the Classical Theory/ Scientific Management Approach?
Workers are motivated almost entirely by economic rewards. The theory also stresses that only physical constraints on workers limit their productivity
What is the Classical Theory/ Scientific Management Approach?
Workers are motivated almost entirely by economic rewards. The theory also stresses that only physical constraints on workers limit their productivity
What is the Human Relations Approach?
Emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy
What is Mechanical Solidarity?
All individuals preform the same tasks
