Ch 5 Bacterial infections

Question 1

• superficial skin infection
• affects 2-6 year olds
• close contact sports such as rugby regardless of age

Answer 1

Impetigo

Question 2

what bacteria are associated with impetigo?

Answer 2

• streptococcus pyogenes and staphlococcus aureus
• non-bullous associated with group a
• bullous SA

Question 3

how is impetigo tranmitted?

Answer 3

direct contact with nasal carriers

Question 4

treatment of impetigo

Answer 4

• non-bullous form: topical mupirocin

- bullous form usually requires 1-week course of systemic antibiotics

Question 5

tonsillar plug

Answer 5

usually come out on their own,

they are pretty common

Question 6

what bacteria causes syphilis?

Answer 6

-Treponema Pallidum (sexually transmitted)

Question 7

how is syphilis treated?

Answer 7

-easily treated with antibiotics (IM benzathine penicillin)

Question 8

when is syphilis infectious?

Answer 8

can always be transmitted during pregnancy

-highly infectious only during first two stages

Question 9

Chancre associated with…

Answer 9

Syphilis-primary

• at point of intial exposure to spirochete: 10-90 days after exposure (external genitalia and anus-oral rare)
• firm painless skin ulceration
• may persist 4-6 weeks
• regional lymphadenopathy
• may go into secondary before the chancre is gone

Question 10

secondary syphilis

Answer 10

• 1-6 months after primary (common 6-8 weeks)
• flu like symptoms
• most contagious stage
• MUCOUS PATCH
• condyloma lata (rash becomes flat broad whitish in moist areas of body)
• optic neuritis and interstitial keratitis
• cutaneous rash

Question 11

if a patient has a “mucous patch”

Answer 11

they have secondary syphilis

Question 12

condyloma lata

Answer 12

associated with 2ndary syphilis,

-many flat broad whitish rash

Question 13

latent-syphilis

Answer 13

serologic proof without signs or symptoms of disease
-early (less than 2 years after initial infection ) more contagious than late-single IM injection of long actng penicillin

Question 14

tertiary syphilis

Answer 14

• 1-10 years after initial infection

- leutic glossitis

Question 15

neurologic syphilis

Answer 15

-tabes dorsalis-(locomotive ataxia) disorder of the spinal…not really going to be seen, they would have to be untreated

Question 16

Gumma

Answer 16

necrosis, or hypersensitivity on palate

Question 17

congenital syphilis

Answer 17

deformed face and eventual blindness
-miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths or death of newborns
-frontal bossing 
short maxilla
high arched palate
saddle nose
rhagades

Question 18

-frontal bossing 
short maxilla
high arched palate
saddle nose
rhagades

Answer 18

congenital syphilis
rhianitis?
-circumoral furrows?

Question 19

hutchinsons triad

Answer 19

hutchinsons teeth (screw driver incisors, mulberry molars
intersitial keratits
-eighth cranial nerve deafness?

Question 20

syphilis tests

Answer 20

• treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA)

fluores. ..

Question 21

Tuskegee syphilis

Answer 21

600 black sharecropers, recruited for study
-not offered tx with salvarsan (arsenic drug)
lasted six months
-ended in 1972 (40 years) after 40 wives and 19 children infected

Question 22

what bacteria for Gonorrhea?

Answer 22

-Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-sexual contact
-cannot penetrate intact stratified squamous epithelium
-

Question 23

what other disease is asssociated with gonorrhea

Answer 23

Clamydia

Question 24

treatment for gonorrhea

Answer 24

at risk for other std

ceftria…

Question 25

mycobacterium tuberculosis causes

Answer 25

tuberculosis - infection (positive tb test, not infectious, but can progress to the disease) must be distinguished from the active disease - you will never have oral lesions before pulmonary manifestation

Question 26

tb transmission

Answer 26

airborne - only transmitted during active disease - Iv drug use - HIV/AIDS/immunocompromized - high risk congested areas - medically underserved - immunosuppresive drugs - health care workers serving high risk clients

Question 27

acid fast stain with TB

Answer 27

RED

Question 28

Noma

Answer 28

gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of the fac - caused by malnutrition and weak immune system -exact cause unknown - poor sanitation - dehydration - poor oral hygiene - malignancy, immunodeficiency - 80% mortality untreated

Question 29

prevention of Noma

Answer 29

- awareness - poverty reduction - improved nutrition

Question 30

infection of filamentous branching, gram positive anaerobic bacteria

Answer 30

actinomycosis | -usually actinomyces israelii

Question 31

actinomycosis

Answer 31

- actinomyces israelii - acute deep suppurative abscess - draining sinus tracts treats it - "sulfur granules" (hallmark)

Question 32

treatment of actinomycosis

Answer 32

antibiotic....

Question 33

"cat scratch disease"

Answer 33

common in children, lymph nodes swell - positive cat-scratch skin test - intracellular bacteria BARTONELLA HENSELAE - kittens are more likely to carry bacteria in blood and more likely to transmit disease - lymphadenopathy (but will often resolve before) - treat with antibiotics

Question 34

BA resembles

Answer 34

Karposi Sarcoma?

Question 35

what type of epithelium lines the sinuses?

Answer 35

ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar

Question 36

sinusitis

Answer 36

disease begins as a blockage of the osteomeatal complex that disrupts normal drainage -sometimes referred to as: rhinosinusitis, since inflammation of the sinuses cannot occur without inflammation of the nose....

Question 37

Acute sinusitis

Answer 37

- precipitated by URTI generally viral - fungal invasion secondary to diabetes, AIDS/transplant, antirejection drugs - in type I diabetes ketoacidosis causes S ...

Question 38

chronic sinusitis

Answer 38

-multiple causes; allergies, environment.... | ...