Ch 5 Carbs

Question 0

What produces carbs?

Answer 0

Plants via photosynthesis

Question 1

What are carbs composed of?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 2

What are simple carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Mono and disaccharides

Question 3

What are complex (polysaccharides) carbs?

Answer 3

Starch, glycogen, and fiber

Question 4

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Glucose, fructose, galactose, sugar alcohol, and pentose

Question 5

Give and example of glucose

Answer 5

Blood sugar

Question 6

Give an example of fructose

Answer 6

High fructose corn syrup

Question 7

Give an example of galactose

Answer 7

Part of lactose

Question 8

Name three examples of sugar alcohols

Answer 8

Xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol.

Question 9

Name 2 pentoses

Answer 9

Ribose and deoxyribose

Question 10

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 10

Two monosaccharides linked by a condensation reaction. (Alpha or beta C-O-C bonds connect them.)

Question 11

What two monosaccharides make up maltose and what type of bond is it?

Answer 11

Glucose and glucose; alpha bond

Question 12

What two monosaccharides make up sucrose and what type of bond is it?

Answer 12

Glucose and fructose; alpha bond.

Question 13

What two monosaccharides make up lactose and what type of bond is it?

Answer 13

Galactose and glucose; beta bond

Question 14

Name 3 disaccharides

Answer 14

Lactose, sucrose, and maltose.

Question 15

What are complex carbs?

Answer 15

Ogliosaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 16

What is an ogliosaccharide?

Answer 16

• Made up of raffinose, and stachyose.
• it is indigestible;bacterial fermentation(gas)
• contains 3-10 sugar units

Question 17

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 17

• contains many glucose molecules

- alpha or beta bond determine digestibility.

Question 18

Name 2 digestible polysaccharides

Answer 18

Starch(plants) and glycogen (animals)

Question 19

Name 2 types of starch

Answer 19

Amylose: straight chained
Amylopectin: branched

Question 20

What is the storage form of glucose in the human body?

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

What is liver glycogen used for? How many grams?

Answer 21

It’s converted to blood sugar; 90g

Question 22

What is muscle glycogen used for? How many grams?

Answer 22

Glucose for muscle use; 300g

Question 23

Name 3 indigestible fibers

Answer 23

Total fiber, soluble fibers, and insoluble fibers.

Question 24

How do you calculate total fiber ?

Answer 24

Dietary + Functional fiber

Question 25

What are soluble fibers made up of?

Answer 25

Pectin, gum, mucilages, and some hemicelluloses

Question 26

What make up insoluble fibers?

Answer 26

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin

Question 27

What are some nutritive sweeteners?

Answer 27

- Mono and disaccharides - high fructose corn syrup - sugar alcohols

Question 28

What is the RDA for carbs?

Answer 28

130 g

Question 29

What is the purpose of carbs?

Answer 29

Fuels most of the body's cells | - preferred source for brain, nerve cells, and developing red blood cells.

Question 30

What is the adequate intake of fiber?

Answer 30

14g/1000kcal 25g for women <50; 30g after 51

Question 31

Name 3 functions if digestible carbs

Answer 31

- Provide energy: 4kcal/g - Spare protein: body does not utilize glyconeogenesis. - prevent ketosis: incomplete breakdown of fatty acids

Question 32

Name 4 functions of incomplete carbs

Answer 32

-promote bowl health: constipation and hemorrhoids. Diverticulosis/itis -reduce obesity Enhancing blood glucose control: soluble fibers -reducing cholesterol absorption: soluble fibers

Question 33

How do we digest carbs by the mouth?

Answer 33

Salivary amylase begins digestion.

Question 34

How are carbs digested in the small intestine?

Answer 34

``` Enzymes break down disaccharides: -maltase; maltose -sucrase; sucrose -lactase; lactose Fibers not broken down ```

Question 35

What monosaccharides are found in active absorption?

Answer 35

Glucose and galactose

Question 36

What monosaccharide is associated with facilitated absorption?

Answer 36

Fructose

Question 37

What organ converts fructose and galactose into glucose?

Answer 37

Liver

Question 38

What form of glucose is used by cells?

Answer 38

Blood glucose

Question 39

Where is excess glucose stored? And what organ converts?

Answer 39

In adipose tissue; converted to fat by liver

Question 40

What role does the pancreas play in digestion of carbs?

Answer 40

Pancreatic amylase and dextrinase are secreted are secreted into small intestine to break polysaccharides from starch to disaccharides.