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Med Term > CH. 5 Cardiac Vocab > Flashcards

CH. 5 Cardiac Vocab Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

ACE Inhibitor

A

blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

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2
Q

Anemia

A

a lower-than-normal amount of RBCs in the blood

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3
Q

Aneurysm

A

a localized weak-spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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4
Q

Angina

A

chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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5
Q

Angioplasty

A

the technique of mechanically widening a narrow or obstructed blood vessel

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6
Q

Anticoagulant

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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7
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

a condition characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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8
Q

Arrythmia

A

the loss of a normal heart rhythm

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9
Q

Atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

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10
Q

Atheroma

A

a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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11
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of an artery caused by the buildup of plaque

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12
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall

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13
Q

Automated External Defibrillator

A

electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms, and when necessary shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

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14
Q

Beta-Blocker

A

a medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

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15
Q

Blood Dyscrasia

A

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

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16
Q

Bradycardia

A

abnormally slow resting heart rate

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17
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating, or creates an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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18
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

a diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided to the heart

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19
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

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20
Q

Carotid Endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

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21
Q

Cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found on all parts of the body

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22
Q

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage from venous valves

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23
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

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24
Q

Coronary Thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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25
Defibrillation
the use of electrical shock used to restore the heart's normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion
26
Diuretic
medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
27
Electrocardiogram
ECG, EKG; a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium
28
Embolism
the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
29
Embolus
a foreign object such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood
30
Endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
31
Erythrocytes
mature RBCs produced by the red bone marrow
32
Hemoglobin
the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes
33
Hemolytic Anemia
a condition of an inadequate number of circulating RBCs due to the premature destruction of these cells by the spleen
34
Hemostasis
to stop or control bleeding
35
Leukemia
a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood.
36
Leukocytes
WBCs
37
Leukopenia
a decrease in the number of disease-fighting WBCs circulating in the blood
38
Megaloblastic Anemia
a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which RBCs are larger than normal
39
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
40
Myocardial Infarction
MI; the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup; heart attack
41
Orthostatic Hypotension
low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension
42
Pericardium
the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
43
Pernicious Anemia
a type of anemia caused by a lack of protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of RBCs
44
Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
45
Raynaud's Disease
a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.
46
Sepsis
a potentially life-threatening infection that result from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the blood stream
47
Sickle Cell Anemia
a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some RBCs assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow.
48
Tachycardia
abnormally rapid resting heart rate
49
Temporal Arteritis
a form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms
50
Thallium Stress Test
a diagnostic tests performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise
51
Thrombocytopenia
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
52
Thrombolytic
medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also known as a clot busting drug
53
Thrombosis
the abnormal condition of having a thrombus
54
Thrombotic Occlusion
the blocking of an artery by a thrombus
55
Thrombus
a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery
56
Transfusion Reaction
a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the pt's blood and the donated blood do not match
57
Valulitis
inflammation of a heart valve
58
Varicose Veins
abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs
59
Ventricular Fibrillation
the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricals
60
Ventricular Tachycardia
a very rapid heartbeat that begins in the ventricles

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