Ch. 5 Cardiology

Question 1

Cardiopulmonary

Answer 1

Pertaining to the heart and lungs

Question 2

Cardiothoracic

Answer 2

Pertaining to the heart and thoracic cavity

Question 3

Cardiovascular system

Answer 3

Circular route that the blood takes as it moves through the body; the circulatory system consists of the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation

Question 4

Mediastinum

Answer 4

Here regularly shaped, central area in the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs; it contains the heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea, and esophagus

Question 5

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 5

The arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs, but not in the rest of the body

Question 6

Systemic circulation

Answer 6

The arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins everywhere in the body, except in the Longs

Question 7

Aortic valve

Answer 7

Heart valve between the left ventricle a later

Question 8

Atrium

Answer 8

each of the two upper chambers of the heart

Question 9

chordae tendineae

Answer 9

Rope like strands that support the tricuspid and mitral valves and keep their leaflets tightly closed when the ventricles contracting

Question 10

Ductus anteriosus

Answer 10

Temporary, small blood vessel in the fetal heart that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

Question 11

endocardium

Answer 11

layer of cells that lines the atria, ventricles, and valves of my heart

Question 12

foramen ovale

Answer 12

Temporary, oval-shaped opening in the intratrial septum on the fetal heart

Question 13

Heart

Answer 13

Organ that pumps blood throughout the body it contains four chambers, the septum, and four valves.

Question 14

Mitral valve

Answer 14

Heart valve between the left atrium in the left ventricle; it is also known as the bicuspid valve; it has two pointed leaflets, or cusps

Question 15

Myocardium

Answer 15

Muscular layer of the heart

Question 16

Pericardium

Answer 16

Membrane that surrounds the heart as the pericardial sac and is filled with pericardial fluid

Question 17

Pulmonary valve

Answer 17

Heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary arteries

Question 18

Tricuspid valve

Answer 18

Heart valve between the right and right ventricle; it has three pointed leaflets or cusps

Question 19

Valve

Answer 19

structure that opens to control the flow of blood

Question 20

ventricle

Answer 20

each of the two large, lower chambers of the heart

Question 21

antrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 21

small area of tissue between the right atrium and right ventricle; receives electrical impulses from the SA node

Question 22

bundle branches

Answer 22

Part of the conduction system of the heart after the bundle of His. Each branch divides into Purkinje fibers that spread across the ventricles

Question 23

bundle of His

Answer 23

part of the conduction system of the heart after the AV node

Question 24

conduction system

Answer 24

system that carries the electrical impulses that makes the heart beat; it consists of the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

Question 25

Depolarization

Answer 25

positive sodium ions, then positive calcium ions, outside the cell move through the cell membrane, and more calcium ions stored in the cell are released; reverses the normally negative charge in a resting myocardial cell and causes a contraction

Question 26

diastole

Answer 26

resting period between contractions

Question 27

ectopic site

Answer 27

area within the heart that can produce its own electrical impulse but is not part of the conduction system

Question 28

refractory period

Answer 28

short period of time when the myocardium is unresponsive to electrical impulses

Question 29

Repolarization

Answer 29

To end a contraction of the heart, positive potassium ions diffuse out of the cell, while molecular pumps move positive sodium and some calcium ions out of the cell and move the rest of the calcium ions into storage within the cell.

Question 30

Sinoatrial node

Answer 30

Pacemaker of the heart; small area of tissue in the posterior wall the right atrium

Question 31

Systole

Answer 31

Contraction of the atria or the ventricles

Question 32

Aorta

Answer 32

Largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body; includes ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta

Question 33

Arteriole

Answer 33

Smallest branch of an artery

Question 34

Artery

Answer 34

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

Question 35

Axillary artery

Answer 35

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the axilla (armpit) area

Question 36

Blood vessels

Answer 36

Channels through which the circulates throughout the body; includes arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 37

Carotid artery

Answer 37

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the net, face, head, and brain

Question 38

Coronary artery

Answer 38

Arcadia carries oxygenated blood to myocardium