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Neurology > Ch 5 Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Ch 5 Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the premotor cortex located?

A

located anteriorly to the primary motor cortex

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2
Q

What is the brocha’s area in charge of?

Where is it located?

A

located in the left hemisphere (for most people) and it is responsible for speech and language.

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3
Q

Apraxia?

A

an impairment of voluntary learned movement

-inability to perform purposeful movement

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4
Q

Ataxia?

A

uncoordinated movement when voluntary movement is attempted

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5
Q

Damaged brocas area can cause what?

A

expressive aphasia

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6
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

perception and process of sensation

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7
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

visual perception

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8
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

emotion and memory
auditory perception
Smell

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9
Q

What are the 4 parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

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10
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A
  1. Controlling voluntary movement

2. Thinking/problem solving

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11
Q

Primary Motor Cortex location and function?

A
  • located on precentral gyrus
  • controls voluntary movements of contralateral side
  • “homunculus”
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12
Q

Lesion in Primary Motor Cortex causes what?

A

Paralysis on contralateral side of body and muscles of facial expression on the bottom portion of the face

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13
Q

Regions of the Frontal Lobe (7)

A
  • Primary Motor Cortex
  • Premotor Cortex
  • Supplementary Motor Area
  • Broca’s Area
  • Orbitofrontal Cortex
  • Ventromedial Cortex
  • Anterior Cingulate Gyrus
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14
Q

What does Premotor Cortex control?

A

-controls action of trunk and limb muscles

“Body Part Ownership”

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15
Q

Lesion in Premotor Cortex causes what?

A

unilateral neglect

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16
Q

Supplementary Motor Area location

A

medial to the premotor cortex

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17
Q

Supplementary Motor Area function

A

stores motor memories, directs activity of the primary motor cortex

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18
Q

Lesion in Supplementary Motor Area causes what?

A

Apraxia, motor planning deficit

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19
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A
  • contains areas for impulse control

- inhibition

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20
Q

Lesion in Orbitofrontal Cortex?

A
  • unable to make/carry out realistic plans
  • trouble with focus and organization
  • trouble with impulse control
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21
Q

Ventromedial Frontal Cortex

A
  • connects emotions with thought
  • emotional meaning to life experiences
  • Part of limbic system
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22
Q

Damage to Ventromedial Frontal cortex?

A
  • flat emotion affect
    underactive: depression
    overactive: mania
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23
Q

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

A

helps integrate thought, motivation, attention and behavior

-part of limbic system

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24
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Patient understands speech but unable to produce speech to respond

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25
Regions of the Parietal Lobe (4)
Somatosensory Cortex Somatosensory Association Area Parietotemporal Association Cortex Angular Gyrus
26
Somatosensory Cortex is located?
-on the postcentral gyrus
27
What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?
-perception of pain, temperature, pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception etc
28
Somatosensory Association Area function
- interpretation of somatosensory information | - stereognosis (recognizing objects)
29
Somatosensory Association Area dysfuntion
- disorders of body image (ex. anorexia nervosa, unilateral neglect)
30
Stereognosis definition
the ability of someone to recognize an object by touching it
31
Parietotemporal Association Cortex function
Abstract thought, reasoning, reading and writing | Mathematics and spatial recognition
32
Angular Gyrus function?
understanding written language
33
Regions of the Occipital Lobe (2)
- Primary visual cortex | - Visual Association cortex
34
Primary visual cortex function
visual perception
35
Lesion in primary visual cortex causes..?
loss of vision in the opposite visual field (hemianopsia)
36
Visual Association Cortex location & function
location: anterior to primary visual cortex function: interpreting visual stimuli
37
A lesion in visual association cortex causes what?
visual agnosia (difficultly recognizing people or objects by sight)
38
Visual Agnosia definition
Person can see objects and faces but doesn't recognize them
39
Regions of the Temporal Lobe (7)
``` Primary Auditory Cortex Auditory Association Cortex Wernicke's Area Inferotemporal Lobe Olfactory Cortex Amygdala Hippocampus ```
40
Primary Auditory Cortex
- perception of sound | - input from both ears
41
Auditory Association Cortex | function & location
- function: interpretation & understanding of sounds | - location: posterior to primary auditory cortex
42
Wernicke's Area
- understanding of language | - usually on the left hemisphere
43
Damage to Wernicke's area causes what?
Receptive Aphasia
44
Receptive Aphasia
- unable to understand language in any form | - can speak fluidly but what they say doesn't make sense
45
Global Aphasia
Receptive Aphasia + Expressive Aphasia
46
Inferotemporal Lobe function
-recognition of faces/objects/colors
47
Damage to Inferotemporal Lobe
prosopagnosia
48
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognize faces of people you know | -early sign of Alzheimer's disease
49
``` Olfactory Cortex (location, function) ```
location: medial part of temporal lobe function: perceiving odor
50
Damage to olfactorty cortex causes?
anosmia (loss of sense of smell)
51
Amygdala | location, function
medial side of temporal lobe -involved in strong negative emotion ("fight or flight") connected to hypothalamus
52
Hippocampus (location, function)
medial side of temporal lobe - creation of new long-term memories - can generate new neurons
53
Lesion in Hippocampus causes what?
-inability to form new long term memories | anterograde amnesia
54
Thalamus | location, function
located on either side of the 3rd ventricle -relay station for sensory and motor signals, as well as regulation of consciousness and alertness (everything passes through here before going anywhere else in the cortex)
55
Relay Nuclei
Receive info from specific areas of nervous system and send on to cerebral cortex 2 general sensory (contralateral side of body) 2 special sensory (visual and auditory) 2 motor
56
Association Nuclei
- receive action potentials | - send info to limbic region (where sensory input is connected to emotions)
57
Intralaminar Nuclei
-involved in maintaining conscious awareness | lesions may cause coma
58
Reticular Nucleus of Thalamus
- anterior and lateral to thalamus - determine which signals will be sent to cerebral cortex - control activity of relay nuclei
59
What causes Thalamic Syndrome?
compromise of blood supply from posterior cerebral artery
60
Symptoms of Thalamic syndrome?
hemianethesia, sensory ataxia, thalamic pain
61
Thalamic Pain
- a.k.a Central Pain Syndrome - caused by damage to thalamus, intense and unpleasant - Pain meds not very effective
62
Where is the Hypothalamus located?
anterior and inferior to the thalamus
63
Functions of the Hypothalamus?
- controls autonomic nervous system - regulates endocrine gland acivity - connects physiological responses to emotions - maintains homeostasis (water balance, hunger, thirst, sexual drive, body temperature, sleep/wake cycles)
64
Hypothalamus releases what chemicals?
Vasopressin - water balance, constricts blood vessels (increases BP) Oxytocin - constriction of smooth muscles in uterus and mammary glands
65
Central Autonomic Fibers
- descend from hypothalamus to brainstem & spinal cord | - control function of visceral organs
66
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
located just below hypothalamus | -controlled by hypothalamus, releases Prolactin, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, GH, ADH, Oxytocin
67
Epithalamus
- consists of pineal gland and other small nuclei]\ | - secretes melatonin
68
Subthalamus
contains subthalamic nucleus | -part of the basal ganglia

Neurology (17 decks)

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