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720 Exercise Phys > Ch 5 CV System > Flashcards

Ch 5 CV System Flashcards

1
Q

what is name of valve on right AV? atrial-ventricle?

A

tricuspid

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2
Q

what is name of AV valve on left side of heart?

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

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3
Q

which valve is involved if heart murmur present?

A

left or mitral valve involvement

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4
Q

Describe flow of blood through heart.

A

Blood enters right atrium from superior & inferior vena cava
Passes through AV valve into right ventricle
Is pumped through valve into pulmonary trunk
Passes through pulmonary arteries to lungs
Is oxygenated & returned to left atrium via pulmonary veins
Passes through AV valve into left ventricle
Is pumped through valve into aorta & out to body

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5
Q

is the systole the contraction or relaxation phase?

A

contraction phase

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6
Q

is the diastole the contraction or relaxation phase?

A

relaxation

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7
Q

what is the level of autorhythmaticity or flow?

A

SA-pacemaker
AV- allow atria to contract b4 ventricles
bundle of his
left/right bundle branches
Purkinje- spread impulse throughout ventricles

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8
Q

why doe trained individuals have a lower HR?

A

b/c diastole or relaxation phase lenghtens to allow for more blood to fill ventricle before it is ejected

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9
Q

does sympathetic NS increase or decrease HR?

A

increase

parasympathetic decreases

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10
Q

is bradycardia increased (100+) or decreased (less than 60 bpm)

A

decreased

tachycardia if higher bpm

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11
Q

fibers of the heart…

A

Have high mitochondrial density
Have extensive capillary network
Use aerobic energy for contraction

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12
Q

how long is 1 HR (hint from EKG)

A

approx .8 sec (= 75 bpm)

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13
Q

what is the P wave

A

atrial depolarization

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14
Q

what is the R wave or QRS complex?

A

ventricular depolarization

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15
Q

what is the T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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16
Q

How long is P wave?

A

.08 s

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17
Q

how long is QRS?

A

.08 s

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18
Q

how long is T wave?

A

.16 s

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19
Q

how long is PQ segment?

A

.08 s

20
Q

how long is ST segment?

A

.12 s

21
Q

Equation for CO (cardiac output)

A

CO= SV * HR

approx 5 L= 70 ml * 70 HR

22
Q

what is SV?

A

stroke volume
amt of blood ejected each ventricular contraction
approx 70 ml at rest

23
Q

what is equation for SV?

A

SV= EDV-ESV
blood in ventricle after filling
minus
blood remaining after ejection

EDV approx= 160 mL
ESV approx= 90 mL

24
Q

will a trained individual have a higher or lower ESV?

A

lower b/c pump more blood out

why have lower HR and higher Diastole b/c more filling time

25
Q

what is ejection fraction?

A

ration of blood available to ejected

EF= (SV/EDV) * 100

26
Q

Endurance athletes increase EDV b/c increased diastole, explain other CV changes b/c of this?

A

Increased SV
then lower HR
Greater ejection fraction b/c higher SV

27
Q

what happens to SV at high intensity (190-200 bpm HR)

A

actuallly decreases slightly

28
Q

blood flow is determined by what?

A

directly correlated with change in pressure

inversely related to resistance of vessesl

29
Q

if increase vessel resistance, what happens to blood flow?

A

decrease blood flow

30
Q

increase in radius, increase or decrease flow?

A

increase

31
Q

components of plasma

A

90% water, 7% plasma proteins, 3% other

32
Q

during exercise, does plasma volume increase or decrease?

A

immediately can decrease by 10%

with adaptation, can increase by 10%

33
Q

normal and abnormal value of WBC?

A

normal- 3500-10500

abnormal- less than 1000

34
Q

normal and abnormal value of Hemoglobin?

A

normal- 13.5-17.5 men
- 12-15.5 women

abnormal- less then 8

35
Q

normal and abnormal value of platelets?

A

normal- 150000-450000

abnormal- less than 20000

36
Q

lifespan of RBC?

A

4 months

37
Q

what is arterial-venous oxygen difference?

A

Amount of oxygen per 100 mL of arterial blood entering a tissue minus that leaving tissue

38
Q

does a-v O2 differ increase or decrease with exercise training?

A

increase

39
Q

normal at rest O2/min?

A

5 mL per 100 mL blood
* 50 b/c 5 liter of blood
= 250 ml/min

40
Q

what is Fick’s Equation?

A

O2 delivery= Blood flow * a-V o2 diff

41
Q

if CO higher or lower, is a-v O2 diff higher or smaller?

A

higher

42
Q

what percent of Cardiac Output goes to muscles at rest?

A

15-20%

43
Q

what percent of Cardiac Output goes to muscles during max exercise?

A

80-85%

44
Q

does arteriole side dilate or constrict with exercise?

A

dilate (want blood flow to target)

Venous side contricts

45
Q

does nor epinephrine dilate or constrict blood vessels?

A

contricts

46
Q

does epinephrine dilate or constrict blood vessels?

A

both constrict and dilate

720 Exercise Phys (3 decks)

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