Ch 5 CV System

Question 1

what is name of valve on right AV? atrial-ventricle?

Answer 1

tricuspid

Question 2

what is name of AV valve on left side of heart?

Answer 2

bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 3

which valve is involved if heart murmur present?

Answer 3

left or mitral valve involvement

Question 4

Describe flow of blood through heart.

Answer 4

Blood enters right atrium from superior & inferior vena cava
Passes through AV valve into right ventricle
Is pumped through valve into pulmonary trunk
Passes through pulmonary arteries to lungs
Is oxygenated & returned to left atrium via pulmonary veins
Passes through AV valve into left ventricle
Is pumped through valve into aorta & out to body

Question 5

is the systole the contraction or relaxation phase?

Answer 5

contraction phase

Question 6

is the diastole the contraction or relaxation phase?

Answer 6

relaxation

Question 7

what is the level of autorhythmaticity or flow?

Answer 7

SA-pacemaker
AV- allow atria to contract b4 ventricles
bundle of his
left/right bundle branches
Purkinje- spread impulse throughout ventricles

Question 8

why doe trained individuals have a lower HR?

Answer 8

b/c diastole or relaxation phase lenghtens to allow for more blood to fill ventricle before it is ejected

Question 9

does sympathetic NS increase or decrease HR?

Answer 9

increase

parasympathetic decreases

Question 10

is bradycardia increased (100+) or decreased (less than 60 bpm)

Answer 10

decreased

tachycardia if higher bpm

Question 11

fibers of the heart…

Answer 11

Have high mitochondrial density
Have extensive capillary network
Use aerobic energy for contraction

Question 12

how long is 1 HR (hint from EKG)

Answer 12

approx .8 sec (= 75 bpm)

Question 13

what is the P wave

Answer 13

atrial depolarization

Question 14

what is the R wave or QRS complex?

Answer 14

ventricular depolarization

Question 15

what is the T wave

Answer 15

ventricular repolarization

Question 16

How long is P wave?

Answer 16

.08 s

Question 17

how long is QRS?

Answer 17

.08 s

Question 18

how long is T wave?

Answer 18

.16 s

Question 19

how long is PQ segment?

Answer 19

.08 s

Question 20

how long is ST segment?

Answer 20

.12 s

Question 21

Equation for CO (cardiac output)

Answer 21

CO= SV * HR

approx 5 L= 70 ml * 70 HR

Question 22

what is SV?

Answer 22

stroke volume
amt of blood ejected each ventricular contraction
approx 70 ml at rest

Question 23

what is equation for SV?

Answer 23

SV= EDV-ESV
blood in ventricle after filling
minus
blood remaining after ejection

EDV approx= 160 mL
ESV approx= 90 mL

Question 24

will a trained individual have a higher or lower ESV?

Answer 24

lower b/c pump more blood out

why have lower HR and higher Diastole b/c more filling time

Question 25

what is ejection fraction?

Answer 25

ration of blood available to ejected | EF= (SV/EDV) * 100

Question 26

Endurance athletes increase EDV b/c increased diastole, explain other CV changes b/c of this?

Answer 26

Increased SV then lower HR Greater ejection fraction b/c higher SV

Question 27

what happens to SV at high intensity (190-200 bpm HR)

Answer 27

actuallly decreases slightly

Question 28

blood flow is determined by what?

Answer 28

directly correlated with change in pressure inversely related to resistance of vessesl

Question 29

if increase vessel resistance, what happens to blood flow?

Answer 29

decrease blood flow

Question 30

increase in radius, increase or decrease flow?

Answer 30

increase

Question 31

components of plasma

Answer 31

90% water, 7% plasma proteins, 3% other

Question 32

during exercise, does plasma volume increase or decrease?

Answer 32

immediately can decrease by 10% with adaptation, can increase by 10%

Question 33

normal and abnormal value of WBC?

Answer 33

normal- 3500-10500 abnormal- less than 1000

Question 34

normal and abnormal value of Hemoglobin?

Answer 34

normal- 13.5-17.5 men - 12-15.5 women abnormal- less then 8

Question 35

normal and abnormal value of platelets?

Answer 35

normal- 150000-450000 abnormal- less than 20000

Question 36

lifespan of RBC?

Answer 36

4 months

Question 37

what is arterial-venous oxygen difference?

Answer 37

Amount of oxygen per 100 mL of arterial blood entering a tissue minus that leaving tissue

Question 38

does a-v O2 differ increase or decrease with exercise training?

Answer 38

increase

Question 39

normal at rest O2/min?

Answer 39

5 mL per 100 mL blood * 50 b/c 5 liter of blood = 250 ml/min

Question 40

what is Fick's Equation?

Answer 40

O2 delivery= Blood flow * a-V o2 diff

Question 41

if CO higher or lower, is a-v O2 diff higher or smaller?

Answer 41

higher

Question 42

what percent of Cardiac Output goes to muscles at rest?

Answer 42

15-20%

Question 43

what percent of Cardiac Output goes to muscles during max exercise?

Answer 43

80-85%

Question 44

does arteriole side dilate or constrict with exercise?

Answer 44

dilate (want blood flow to target) Venous side contricts

Question 45

does nor epinephrine dilate or constrict blood vessels?

Answer 45

contricts

Question 46

does epinephrine dilate or constrict blood vessels?

Answer 46

both constrict and dilate