CH 5; Genes, Culture

Question 1

What is our most important similarity as humans?

Answer 1

-our capacity to learn & adapt= our genes enable an adaptive brain=a hardrive that receives our cultural hardware

Question 2

What does our human biology enable in terms of culture and behavior?

Answer 2

-It enables our cultural diversity

Question 3

What are Norms?

Answer 3

-Social expectations about how one should act

Question 4

What negative impact do Norms have on us?

Answer 4

• They restrain & control us

- Are also seen as arbitrary and confining

Question 5

What positive impact do Norms have on us?

Answer 5

-They basically grease the social machinery= making things run smoother

Question 6

What makes cultures differ?

Answer 6

-Human adaptability

Question 7

What are the big 5 Social Beliefs?

Answer 7

• Cynicism
• Social complexity
• Reward for application
• Spirituality
• Fate control

Question 8

What is the belief of Cynicism?

Answer 8

-Powerful people tend to exploit others

Question 9

What is the belief of Social Complexity?

Answer 9

-That one has to deal w/ matters according to specific circumstances

Question 10

What is the belief of Reward for Application?

Answer 10

-One will succeed if they really try

Question 11

What is the belief of Spirituality?

Answer 11

-Religious faith contributes to good mental health

Question 12

What is Fate Control?

Answer 12

-Fate determines one’s success & failures

Question 13

What is the Cultural Evolutionary perspective?

Answer 13

-It emphasizes human diversity & human kinship respectively

Question 14

What “process” has made us for culture?

Answer 14

-Evolution

Question 15

What supports the view that much of our behavior is socially programmed?

Answer 15

-The diversity of our languages, customs, & expressive behavior

Question 16

What are the best ways to learn about the norms of your culture?

Answer 16

• Observe members of another culture even in mainstream culture
• Visit another culture to have good contrast of cultures

Question 17

Why does cultural diversity occur?

Answer 17

-Due to our human biology

Question 18

What are the 2 major perspectives about human similarities?

Answer 18

• Cultural perspective

- Evolutionary perspective

Question 19

What is the opposite of Hard Wired behaviors?

Answer 19

-Socially programmed behaviors

Question 20

What is true about personal space?

Answer 20

-There are cultural differences, gender differences, and age differences

Question 21

What is the norm of expressiveness?

Answer 21

-The norm that Europeans seem more cold and uptight compared to Latin cultures

Question 22

What is Nurture Assumption?

Answer 22

-Children developing the way their parents raise them

Question 23

What percentage do genetic influences explain variants in personality traits?

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

What do friendship norms & status norms represent?

Answer 24

-Cultural similarities

Question 25

What are the Universal norms of friendship?

Answer 25

- Making eye contact while talking | - Respecting confidentiality

Question 26

What is the individual variation of personality accounted for?

Answer 26

- Genetic influences - Shared environment - Peer influence

Question 27

What is Gender Socialization?

Answer 27

-Learning the rules, roles, and norms of your gender through cultural institutions

Question 28

What do friendship and status norms represent?

Answer 28

-They both represent Cultural Similarities

Question 29

What comes from Peer influence?

Answer 29

-Learning bad words, musical tastes, & your culture as a whole

Question 30

What is Gender Role?

Answer 30

-Norms for how males & females should behave

Question 31

What is true about gender roles?

Answer 31

- There are inequalities | - The majority of people would like to see more equal gender roles

Question 32

What is true about gender role and play?

Answer 32

- Males tend to engage in a larger group | - as the 2 genders interact w/ their specified gender, the differences grow

Question 33

What do the genders do in conversation?

Answer 33

- Females focus on personal relationships | - Males focus more on tasks

Question 34

What do Females do when they're stressed?

Answer 34

-They "Tend and Befriend"= turn to family and friends for support

Question 35

What do males do when they're stressed?

Answer 35

Their "Fight or Flight" response is triggered

Question 36

What are Female conversation styles?

Answer 36

-They reflect a concern of personal relationships & sensitivity

Question 37

What is true about smiling?

Answer 37

- Females smile more than males - It varies from situation to situation - shows greater connectedness

Question 38

What is Empathy?

Answer 38

-It is when a person can experience the other person's feelings

Question 39

What is the Male conversation style?

Answer 39

-Their style reflects their concern for independence

Question 40

What is the Female conversation style?

Answer 40

-It reflects their concern for connectedness

Question 41

What kind of aggression do males exhibit?

Answer 41

-Physical aggression

Question 42

What kind of aggression do females exhibit?

Answer 42

-Verbal aggression

Question 43

What is most likely to account for gender differences in empathy?

Answer 43

-The fact that females are better at reading emotional expressions

Question 44

What is true in regards to gender and sex?

Answer 44

- Males seek more partners | - Females are slowly aroused

Question 45

What shapes our attitudes & behavior?

Answer 45

-Biology and culture

Question 46

What group has more permissive attitudes towards sex?

Answer 46

-Men

Question 47

What factors predispose a sexual division of labor?

Answer 47

- Biological influences | - Childhood socialization