Ch. 5 Phonetics Flashcards by Cait Edmon

When you know a language you know the

sounds of that language and how to combine those sounds into words

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The study of speech sounds is called

phonetics

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To describe speech sounds it is necessary to know

what an individual sound is, and how each sound differs from all others

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True or false

It is possible to segment the sound of someone clearing her throat into a sequence of discrete units

False, because that is not speech

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An individual sound that occurs in a language

2. the act of dividing utterances into sounds, morphemes, words, and phrases

Segment

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An apron is an example of

How words have changed over time based on word boundary misperceptions

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The following sentences and phrases are what?

Grade A - Gray day
I scream - Ice cream
The sun’s rays meet - the sons raise meat

Distinct when written but ambiguous when spoken

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True or False

You can only segment a language if you can read and write

False, if you know a language you can segment it

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The science of phonetics attempts to describe all of the sounds used in

all of the languages of the world

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Phonetics focused on the physical properties of sounds

Acoustic phonetics

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Phonetics focused on how listeners perceive these sounds

Auditory phonetics

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Phonetics concerned with the study of how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language

Articulatory phonetics

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A general term for “spelling” in any language

Orthography

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George Bernard Shaw complained that spelling was so inconsistent that fish could be spelled

ghoti

gh as in tough + o as in women + ti as in nation

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The phonetic alphabet was invented

So that we could have a one sound to one symbol correspondence to study all the sounds of all human languages scientifically

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An alphabet to symbolize all of the sounds of all languages, utilizing both ordinary letters and invented symbols

Phonetic alphabet

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IPA stands for

International phonetic alphabet

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The symbol [p] represents what sound?

/p/ as in pill

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The symbol [b] represents what sound?

/b/ as in bill

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The symbol [m] represents what sound?

/m/ as in mill

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[f] represents what sound?

/f/ as in feel

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[v] represents what sound?

/v/ as in veal

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[θ] represents what sound?

/th/ from thigh

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[ð] represents what sound?

/th/ from thy

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[ʃ] represents what sound?

/sh/ from shill

[ʒ] represents what sound?

/s/ in measure

[t] represents what sound?

/t/ in till

[d] represents what sound?

/d/ in dill

[n] represents what sound?

/n/ in nil

[s] represents what sound?

/s/ in seal

[z] represents what sound?

/z/ in zeal

[tʃ] represents what sound?

/ch/ in chill

[dʒ] represents what sound?

/g/ in gin

[ʍ] represents what sound?

/wh/ said together (only some dialects)

[k] represents what sound?

/k/ as in kill

[g] represents what sound?

/g/ as in gill

[ŋ] represents what sound?

/ng/ as in sing

[h] represents what sound?

/h/ as in heal

[l] represents what sound?

/l/ as in leaf

[r] represents what sound?

/r/ as in reef

[j] represents what sound?

/y/ as in you

[w] represents what sound?

/w/ as in witch

[i] represents what sound?

/ee/ in beet

[e] represents what sound?

/ai/ in bait

[u] represents what sound?

/oo/ in boot

[o] represents what sound?

/o/ in boat

[æ] represents what sound?

/a/ in bat

[ʌ] represents what sound?

/u/ as in butt

[ai] represents what sound?

/i/ as in bite

[ɔi] represents what sound?

/oy/ as in boy

[I] represents what sound?

/I/ as in bit

[ɛ] represents what sound?

/e/ as in bet

[ʊ] represents what sound?

/oo/ as in foot

[ɔ] represents what sound?

/o/ as in bore

[a] represents what sound?

/o/ as in pot or /a/ as in bar

[ə] represents what sound?

/a/ as in above or /a/ as in sofa

[aʊ] represents what sound?

/ou/ as in bout

Symbol called schwa used to represent vowels in syllables that are not emphasized in speaking and who's duration is very short

[ə]

The symbol used to denote an English r is

an upside down r

[ðo] is what word?

though

[θɔt] is what word?

thought

[rʌf] is what word?

rough

[baʊ] is what word?

bough

[θru] is what word?

through

[wʊd] is what word?

would

Most speech sounds are produced by pushing lung air through the

vocal cords

The opening between the vocal cords is the

glottis

The glottis is located in the

voice box or larynx

The tubular part of the throat above the larynx is the

pharynx

What people call the "mouth" linguists call the

oral cavity

The part of the face that includes the nose and the plumbing that connects it to the throat

nasal cavity

The tongue and lips are both capable of

rapid movement and shape changing

All of these body parts together make up the

vocal tract

The sounds of all languages fall into two classes

consonants and vowels

Sounds produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow of air from the lungs

Consonants

In phonetics consonant and vowel refer to

types of sounds not letters

Where in the vocal tract the airflow restriction occurs called the

place of articulation

We classify consonants according to

the place of articulation

What are the 8 places of articulation?

1. Bilabial 2. Labiodental 3. Interdental 4. Alveolar 5. (alveo)palatal 6. Velar 7. Uvular 8. Glottal

[p] [b] [m] are articulated where?

Bilabial (lips)

[f] [v] are articulated where?

Labiodental (by touching our bottom lip to our upper teeth)

[θ] and [ð] are articulated where?

Interdentals (pronounced by touching the tip of the tongue between the teeth, technically dental)

[t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r] are articulated where?

Alveolars (the alveolar ridge)

[t] [d] [n] the tongue tip is

raised and touches the ridge, or slightly in front of it

[s] and [z] the sides of the front of the tongue are

raised but the tip is lowered so that air escapes over it

[l] the tongue tip is

raised while the rest of the tongue remains down, permitting air to escape over it's sides

[l] is called a ______ sound

lateral

[ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [j] are articulated where?

palatals

[k] [g] [ŋ] are articulated where?

Velars (soft palate or velum)

[R] [q] [G] are articulated where?

Uvulars (by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula)

[h] and [?] are articulated where?

Glottals

[?] is called a

glottal stop

The way we describe speech sounds being affected by how the airstream flows, whether the vocal cords vibrate or not

Manner of articulation

When the vocal cords are apart so that air flows freely through the glottis

Voiceless

If the vocal cords are together the airstream forces its way through and causes them to vibrate

Voiced

True or false | When you whisper all speech sounds are voiceless

True

The [p] in pit is

aspirated

When a brief puff of air escapes before the glottis closes

aspirated

The [p] in spit is

unaspirated

How can you test if a sound is aspirated or unaspirated?

Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel for that puff of air

Ch. 5 Phonetics Flashcards

(100 cards)