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PSYCH 105 > Ch. 5 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Social Construct 3 D’s

A

Used to judge whether someone’s behaviour is abnormal
-Distressing
-Dysfunctional
-Deviant

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2
Q

Abnormal Behaviour

A

Behaviour that is personally distressing, personally dysfunctional, and/or so culturally deviate that people say it is inappropriate or maladaptive

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3
Q

Vulnerability-Stress Model

A

Everyone has vulnerability for a disorder given sufficient stress

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4
Q

What 3 factors are necessary for someone to develop an anxiety disorder?

A

Predisposition
Vulnerability
Stressor

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5
Q

Comorbidity

A

Overlap in psych disorders. Influenced by p-factor

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6
Q

p-factor

A

Measure of psychopathology in all types of disorders. p-factor does not change throughout one’s life

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7
Q

What are the components of anxiety responses?

A

Emotional Symptoms
Cognitive Symptoms
Physiological Sysmptoms
Behavioural Symptoms

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8
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

Persistent and excessive ‘free-floating’ anxiety that is not tied to specific situations.

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9
Q

Phobic Disorder

A

Strong, irrational fears of objects or situations that usually do not go away on their own

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10
Q

What are some common reactions to phobias?

A

Fast heart rate
Sweating
Crying
Hyperventilating
Passing out
Avoidance of phobia

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11
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

Person has unwanted and reoccurring thoughts/images (obsessions) and/or behaviours (compulsions) they feel the urge to repeat.

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12
Q

Compulsions

A

Repeatable, repetitive counterproductive behaviours used to reduce anxiety in response to obsessions

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13
Q

Pure Obsession

A

Obsessive thoughts without compulsions

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14
Q

DSM-5

A

Groups disorders based on systems to help ensure validity & reliability. Most used diagnostic classification system

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15
Q

What are some issues with labelling people with a disorder?

A

Description of a disorder is NOT a description of an individual
People may behave in ways to fit their label
Clinicians look for evidence associated with label rather than describing what they see

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16
Q

Internalizing Disorder

A

Characterized by negative emotions

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17
Q

Externalizing Disorder

A

Characterized by impulsivity & out of control behaviours

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18
Q

Emotional Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Feelings of tension
Apprehension

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19
Q

Cognitive Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Worry
Thoughts about inability to cope

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20
Q

Physiological Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Increased heart rate
Muscle tension
Other autonomic arousal symptoms

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21
Q

Behavioural Symptoms of Anxiety

A

Avoidance of feared situations
Decreased task performance
Increased startle response

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22
Q

Causal Factors in Anxiety Disorders

A

Biological Factors
Females exhibit more anxiety disorders than males
Sex-linked biological disposition
Evolutionary Factors
Psychological Factors

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23
Q

Biological Factors in Anxiety Disorders

A

Genetics
Lower GABA production

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24
Q

Evolutionary Factors in Anxiety Disorders

A

Some phobias are beneficial for survival
Disposition to be more aware of certain stimuli

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25
Psychological Factors in Anxiety Disorders
Neurotic Anxiety Maladaptive thoughts & beliefs Appraising things catastrophically
26
Neurotic Anxiety
Feelings of not being in control of oneself or one's circumstances
27
Objectification Theory
Cultural emphasis on viewing one's body as an object
28
Eating disorders
Abnormal eating behaviours that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health
29
Anorexia Nervosa
Severely reduced food intake due to an intense fear of being fat. The result is that a person becomes severely underweight
30
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating a lot of food and purging it through vomiting or laxatives. People have typical body weight
31
Cause of Anorexia
High achievement standards
32
Cause of Bulimia
Depression and anxiety
33
Clinical Depression
More than just 'having a bad day'. Frequency, intensity, & duration of symptoms is out of proportion to situation.
34
True or False: People who are depressed feel bad all the time
False. People who are depressed don't necessarily feel bad all the time. However, shortly after positive events, they slip back to a negative state
35
Major Depression
Occurs after a person experiences a major depressive episode. Characterized by a lower interest in life for at least 2 weeks
36
Persistent Depression Disorder
Less intense symptoms than major depression, but it lasts longer (i.e. at least 5 years)
37
What symptoms add to feelings of depression
Emotional Symptoms Cognitive Symptoms Motivational Symptoms Somatic Symptoms
38
Emotional Symptoms of Depression
Sadness Hopelessness Anxiety Misery Inability to enjoy life
39
Cognitive Symptoms of Depression
Negative cognitions about self, world, and future Difficulty concentrating
40
Motivational Symptoms of Depression
Loss of interest Lack of drive Difficulty starting anything
41
Somatic Symptoms of Depression
Loss of appetite Lack of energy Sleep difficulties Weight loss/gain
42
Bipolar I Disorder
Extreme manic episodes & depressive episodes
43
Bipolar II Disorder
Mildly elevated moods (Hypomania) & depressive episodes
44
Manic State
Characterized by: Euphoric mood Hyperactive or no sleep Rapid speech Lasts at least 1 week
45
Causal Factors of Depression
Genetic Factors (concordance in twins) Underactivity of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin Environmental Factors
46
Causal Factors of Bipolar Disorder
Stronger genetic component than unipolar depression Concordance in twins
47
Depressive Cognitive Triad
Negative thoughts concerning: the world, oneself, the future
48
Cultural Variation
A factor of mood disorders. Mood disorders are more prevalent in Western cultures. Feelings of guilt and inadequacy tend to be more personal in Western cultures.
49
Glove anesthesia
Loss of all sensation beyond the wrist (not physically possible). Caused by psychological factors
50
Dissociative Amnesia
Selective memory loss following trauma
51
Dissociative Fugue
Loss of all personal identity caused by stressful traumatic events
52
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
2 or more seperate personalities (a host and 1 or more alters)
53
Trauma-dissociation Theory
Dissociative identity disorder generally caused by severe traumatic experience in early childhood
54
Schizophrenia
Alterations in thought, perception, and consciousness. Disconnect from reality (psychosis).
55
Type I Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms (present in schizophrenia, but not in typical behaviour). Examples include: delusions, hallucinations, disordered speech.
56
Type II Schizophrenia
Negative symptoms (missing in schizophrenia, but present in typical behaviour). Examples include lack of emotion, expression, withdrawal, neglected hygiene.
57
Which of these symptoms is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? A. Lack of expression B. Lack of emotion C. Neglected Hygiene D. Disordered speech E. Withdrawal
D. Disordered speech
58
Delusions
False beliefs about reality. Persist even when given evidence against beliefs
59
Hallucinations
Can be auditory (i.e. voices in head) or tactile. Can lead to dangerous behaviours
60
Biological Factors of Schizophrenia
Higher concordance rate between twins Neurodegenerative Hypothesis Atrophy & Destruction of Neural Tissue Dopamine Hypothesis
61
Environmental Factors of Schizophrenia
Stressful life events Family dynamics High expressed emotion
62
Sociocultural Factors of Schizophrenia
Social Causation Hypothesis Social Drift Hypothesis
63
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Lack of conscience Lack of concern for others Disregard laws/rules Exhibit little anxiety or guilt Highly manipulative
64
Why is punishment ineffective to discipline people with Antisocial Personality Disorder
People with antisocial personality disorder experience little anxiety and disregard rules (can rationalize their actions to themselves)
65
Causal Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Biological Factors Psychological/Environmental Factors No conditioned fear responses when punished Exposure to deviant peers
66
Biological Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Genetic Predisposition Dysfunction in brain structures that govern self-control & emotional arousal (eg. amygdala, prefrontal cortex)
67
Psychological/Environmental Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Lack of a superego (moralizing part of personality). Often the result of not having a psychologically present adult figure in life.
68
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
Instability in behaviour, emotion, identity, relationships, and/or goals. Characterized by emotional dysregulation, intense and unstable personal relationships, impulsive behaviour, and self-destructive behaviour
69
Emotional Dysregulation
Chronic anger, loneliness, feelings of emptiness present in BPD
70
Causal Factors of Borderline Personality Disorders
Chaotic personal histories (abuse, inconsistent parenting, negative memories) Treated malevolently (leads to lower self-esteem) Biological Factors
71
Social Causation Hypothesis
Higher levels of stress among people with lower income
72
Social Drift Hypothesis
As functioning deteriorates, people drift down the socio-economic ladder
73
Neurodegenerative Hypothesis
Schizophrenia is caused by the degeneration of the brain
74
Dopamine Hypothesis
Overactivity of dopamine system in individuals with schizophrenia. Too much dopamine is the cause of positive symptoms.

PSYCH 105 (11 decks)

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