Ch 5- Skeletal System

Question 1

Bones are made up of what kind of tissue?

Answer 1

Osseous tissue

Question 2

Bones consist of what kind of connective tissues?

Answer 2

Cartilages, ligaments, and other (for skeletal stabilization)

Question 3

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage/homeostasis

Question 4

Bones are made up of what?

Answer 4

Supporting connective tissue, specialized cells, solid matrix

Question 5

Periosteum is what?

Answer 5

The outer bone lining

Question 6

Endosteum is what?

Answer 6

The inner bone lining

Question 7

What is the function of the periosteum?

Answer 7

Lines outside of bone, protects bone, attaches to fascia, and attachment site for circulatory and nervous supply

Question 8

What is the function of the endosteum?

Answer 8

Lines medullary cavity and is one cell thick

Question 9

The matrix of the bone consists of what?

Answer 9

Calcium phosphate and collagen fibers

Question 10

Calcium phosphate eventually converts to what?

Answer 10

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 11

Function of osteoblasts:

Answer 11

Build bones

Question 12

Function of osteoclasts:

Answer 12

Break away bones

Question 13

Function of osteocytes:

Answer 13

Keep tissues alive by giving nutrients

Question 14

Coordinated removal and replacement of bone tissue by osteoclasts and osteoblasts is what?

Answer 14

Bone remodeling

Question 15

When is bone remodeling necessary?

Answer 15

To change bone shape/adapt to environment, replace old/damaged bone, and release mineral stores

Question 16

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 16

Compact (cortical) bone and spongy bone (cancellous/trabecular)

Question 17

Compact bone is made up of what?

Answer 17

Osteons - the basic functional unit of bone

Question 18

Spongy bone consists of what?

Answer 18

Branching plates called trabeculae, form a network, is why bones are light weight

Question 19

Ends of the long bones are what?

Answer 19

Epiphysis

Question 20

Shaft of the long bones

Answer 20

Diaphysis

Question 21

Widened portion of diaphysis where bone is added during growth

Answer 21

Metaphysis

Question 22

The line separating the diaphysis and epiphysis, consists of cartilage until skeletally mature

Answer 22

Epiphyseal plate

Question 23

The replacement of cartilage cells into bone

Answer 23

Ossification

Question 24

Bone formation is?

Answer 24

Osteogenesis

Question 25

The deposition of calcium ions into the bone tissue

Answer 25

Calcification

Question 26

Involved in the development of clavicle, mandible, skull, and face

Answer 26

Intramembraneous ossification

Question 27

Involved in the development of limbs, vertebrae, and hips

Answer 27

Endochondral ossification

Question 28

Steps 1-4 of endochondral ossification involve what?

Answer 28

The initiation of ossification in the developing bone

Question 29

Steps 5-7 of endochondral ossification involve what?

Answer 29

Increasing the length of the developing bone

Question 30

What are the different types of bone?

Answer 30

Flat bones, irregular bones, long bones, short bones, sesamoid bones