Ch. 5 Test

Question 1

Mutagen

Answer 1

Environmental factor that influences DNA

Question 2

Genetic disorder

Answer 2

A disorder caused by a defect in genes or chromosomes

Question 3

How do genetic disorders occur?

Answer 3

By being passed down through genetics; environmental factors can affect it

Question 4

Amniocentesis

Answer 4

A genetic test; Fluid is removed for testing

Question 5

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 5

Recessive disorder when red blood cells are in sickle or crescent shape; blocks blood flow

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

Recessive disorder caused by a mutated gene that causes the body to make thick mucus
- Can affect lungs

Question 7

Color blindness

Answer 7

Makes some colors look like other colors to the eye

Question 8

Down syndrome

Answer 8

A chromosomal disorder that occurs when chromosomes are missing or added

Question 9

Leukemias affect…

Answer 9

blood forming organs

Question 10

Lymphomas affect…

Answer 10

The immune system

Question 11

What are multifactorial diseases?

Answer 11

They result when several factors work together to cause the disease.

Question 12

Sarcomas affect…

Answer 12

connective tissue

Question 13

Cardiovascular disease affects…

Answer 13

the heart and blood vessels

Question 14

Carcinomas affect…

Answer 14

lungs

Question 15

Results from problems in the production of insulin which regulates the amount of blood sugar.

Answer 15

Diabetes

Question 16

A mass of cells that form from an uncontrolled cell division

Answer 16

Tumors

Question 17

Abnormal antibodies attack insulin-producing cells

Answer 17

Type 1 diabetes

Question 18

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 18

Can produce insulin, but the body can’t use it properly

Question 19

Non cancerous tumors that grow slowly surrounded by membranes that prevent spreading

Answer 19

Benign tumors

Question 20

Cancerous cells that can be carried to other tissues

Answer 20

Malignant tumors

Question 21

Obesity

Answer 21

• Condition of being overweight
• 20% more body fat than the ideal person
• Genetic factors can contribute to a body’s ability to produce fat
• Contributed mainly by lifestyle choices

Question 22

Relationship between cancer and cell division

Answer 22

A tumor can form from uncontrolled cell division, and tumors can cause cancer.

Question 23

Causes of cancer

Answer 23

• Genetics
• Tobacco use
• Diet and activity
• Viral infection
• Sun and UV exposure
• Radiation exposure

Question 24

The difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Answer 24

• Benign tumors: noncancerous

- Malignant tumors: cancerous cells

Question 25

Cancer treatments

Answer 25

- Surgery - Chemotherapy - Radiation therapy - Immunotherapy - Hormone therapy

Question 26

Describe the value of a screening test

Answer 26

Checks blood analysis, blood pressure, colonoscopy, and bone density

Question 27

Atherosclerosis

Answer 27

When "bad" forms of cholesterol clogs blood vessels

Question 28

Metastasis

Answer 28

The spread of cancerous cells from their origin to other parts of the body.

Question 29

Biopsy

Answer 29

Taking a small sample of cells for testing

Question 30

Oncogenes

Answer 30

Genes that can cause cancer

Question 31

Is sickle cell acquired or inherited?

Answer 31

Inherited

Question 32

people get skin cancer from...

Answer 32

UV radiation

Question 33

Melanoma

Answer 33

- Affects skin and eyes | - Very serious and can be life-threatening if it metastasizes.

Question 34

Huntington's disease is:

Answer 34

autosomal-dominant

Question 35

If two parents are carriers for PKU, what are the chances their child will get it?

Answer 35

25 %

Question 36

people get skin cancer from...

Answer 36

UV radiation

Question 37

Carcinogens

Answer 37

Chemicals in tobacco that can cause cancer

Question 38

Basal cell cancer

Answer 38

The most common type of skin cancer and can usually be treated by surgically removing the cancerous cells.

Question 39

PKU is

Answer 39

autosomal-reccesive

Question 40

People should avoid foods high in protein if they have:

Answer 40

PKU

Question 41

If two parents are carriers for PKU, what are the chances their child will get it?

Answer 41

25 %

Question 42

Mammogram

Answer 42

A special x-ray for soft tissue

Question 43

CAT scan

Answer 43

- Computerized Axial Tomography scan | - It's a specialized x-ray technique.

Question 44

MRI

Answer 44

- Magnetic resonance imaging | - Uses magnets, radio waves, and a computer to create images of internal tissues and organs

Question 45

Is lung/mouth cancer generally acquired or recessive?

Answer 45

Acquired

Question 46

PET scan

Answer 46

- Positron emission tomography scan | - Produces a three-dimensional color image of a body part

Question 47

Genetic counseling

Answer 47

Couples who are concerned about having a baby with a genetic disorder might work with one

Question 48

Name an environmental contaminant and its sources and health effects

Answer 48

Air pollutant - burning gasoline and other fossil fuels; industrial wastes - Can cause asthma, cancer, other respiratory diseases

Question 49

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Answer 49

a small piece of the placenta is removed for testing

Question 50

what are the 2 types of genetic testing

Answer 50

Amniocentesis | Chorionic Villus Sampling